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Chapter 5

Chapter 5. African Americans in the Nation: 1783-1820. Section 1 Forces for Freedom. Slavery Begins to Unfold North and Chesapeake favored emancipation after the War for Independence ended. The transatlantic immigration brings a lot of white laborers to the North

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Chapter 5

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  1. Chapter 5 African Americans in the Nation: 1783-1820

  2. Section 1Forces for Freedom • Slavery Begins to Unfold • North and Chesapeake favored emancipation after the War for Independence ended. • The transatlantic immigration brings a lot of white laborers to the North • The white laborers work very cheaply. • This makes African slaves not as essential as before.

  3. Section 1Forces for Freedom • Northern Emancipation • New England states such as Vermont, Massachusetts, and New Hampshire abolished slavery during the 1770s and 1780s. • Black men in the Massachusetts gain the right to vote before 1790 • Paul and John Cuffe (1783)

  4. Section 1Forces for Freedom • Northern Emancipation • Connecticut and Rhode Island adopted gradual abolition plans. • In Connecticut the state proposed that all children born to enslaved mother after March 1, 1784 would become free after their twenty-five birthday. • In Rhode Island the state proposed that all children born to enslaved mother after March 1, 1784 would become free at birth.

  5. Section 1Forces for Freedom • Mid-Atlantic States (PA, NJ, NY) • These states had more investment in slaves than the New England states. • More reluctant to abolish slavery • Pennsylvania voted that children of enslaved mothers would become free at twenty-eight in 1780. • In 1799, New York agreed male slaves born after July 4 of that year would become free at twenty-eight. • For females the age was • In New Jersey agreed that males slaves born after July 4, 1804 would become free at age twenty-five • For females the age was twenty-one

  6. Section 1Forces for Freedom • The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 • Articles of Confederation was were Congress drew its authority. • Thomas Jefferson • Western region be divided into separate territories • Slavery banned after 1800 from the Appalachians to the Mississippi River and from Spanish Florida • In 1787 Congress adopted the Northwest Ordinance • This provided orderly sale of land , support for public education, territorial government, and eventual formation of new states. • Unlike Jefferson proposal slavery was banned immediately in the area.

  7. Section 1 Forces of Freedom • Antislavery Societies in the North and the Upper South • Anthony Benezet organized the first antislavery society in 1775. • Later became known as the Pennsylvania Society for Promoting the Abolition of Slavery (1787) • Benjamin Franklin became its president - Antislavery societies aimed at gradual compensated emancipation for states such as Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia. • White abolitionists were reluctant to challenge the property right of slaves owners. • Also they feared that freed elderly slaves would need long training before they could be free.

  8. Section 1Forces for Freedom • Manumission and Self-Purchase • Manumission laws were liberalized in most southern states after the Revolution. • Masters could free individual slaves by deed or will. • Before masters would have to go to court to prove that a slaves desired to be freed • Other slaves bought their freedom through self-purchase contracts • Masters enjoyed this because they were receiving in return for their lost of laborers. • Self purchase could leave slaves in “financial slavery”

  9. Section 1Forces for Slavery • The Emergence of A Free Black Class in the South • The number of free blacks in the Upper South blossomed from 1790 to 1820. • Maryland went from 8,043 free blacks to 39,730 free blacks • Virginia went from 12,766 free blacks to 36,889 free blacks • Still most of the Upper South black population remained enslaved • Only 10.6% of blacks were free in the Upper South in 1820.

  10. Key Terms for Section 1 • Emancipation- The freeing of enslaved African Americans. • Transatlantic immigration- The immigration of white laborers from Europe to America. • Articles of Confederation- The constitution from which the Congress derived its authority between 1781 and 1789. • Northwest Ordinance- Ordinance that provided for the formation of new states in the Old Northwest and banning of slavery in that region.

  11. Key Terms for Section 1 • Abolitionist- An advocate of the abolition of slavery. • Antislavery societies- Societies formed under Quaker leadership to promote the abolition of slavery. • Compensated emancipation- Emancipation accompanied by the monetary compensation of former slave owners. • Manumission- The legal freeing of a slave.

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