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Understanding Protein Structure: The Molecular Workbench of Life

Explore the intricate world of molecular workbenches, where life is defined by elements that replicate through complex structures. This guide delves into the fundamental components, including large macromolecules like DNA, RNA, and proteins, which consist of thousands of covalently linked atoms. We discuss the building blocks of life, the types of atomic interactions—covalent and non-covalent bonds—and the different levels of protein structure, from amino acid sequences to poly-peptide interactions. Discover how these molecular interactions bring living systems to life.

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Understanding Protein Structure: The Molecular Workbench of Life

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  1. “Molecular Workbenches” Protein structure

  2. Life is a system of elements that can replicate the entire set of elements from rudimentary parts to form new copies of the whole system.

  3. Elements: Are large, macro-molecules, such as DNA, RNA and proteins, with 1000’s of covalently linked atoms. Rudimentary Parts: Are the building blocks for the elements. DNA and RNA are made from nucleic acids; proteins are made from amino acids. These are small molecules held together by covalent bonds.

  4. Two Types of Atomic Interaction: Covalent Bonds (make molecules) Non-covalent Bonds (make molecules come alive)

  5. Two Types of Covalent Bond: Non-polar (electronically balanced) Polar (electronically unbalanced)

  6. Molecules “see” each other by non-covalent interactions of their electron shells.

  7. 4 Types of Non-covalent Bonds: (1) van der Waals (2) hydrogen bonds (3) ionic (4) hydrophobic effect

  8. Covalent and non-covalent Chemical bonds:

  9. Living things have very high information content.

  10. Proteins are amino acid polymers.

  11. Amino Acids

  12. Building Molecules: The Condensation Reaction

  13. Four levels of protein Structure: 1°-aa sequence 2°-local folds/structure 3°-structure of polypeptide 4°-polypeptide interactions

  14. Two common folds: a-helix b-sheet

  15. cytochrome b antibody NAD-binding

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