Presentation Transcript

1. The Age of Reason

   Enlightenment
2. Vocabulary Natural Law-laws that govern human nature as science governs the physical world A social contract-Hobbes state of nature, brutish and uncivil, was given up by people in order to have an organized life. Natural right-rights that all people had at birth. This was purported by Locke. Philosophes philosophers, thinkers who believed reason could lead to government improvements. Physiocrats - philosophes who used reason to endorse an rational economy. Laissez-faire--rejection of mercantilism and the desire to gain gold and silver, instead, let the land be productive, produce more wealth and no government interference. Agriculture, logging and mining produce new wealth
3. English Response to the Glorious Revolution Thomas Hobbes John Locke
4. Hobbes Believed in Powerful Government ( Absolute Monarchy) Leviathan. ( 1640’s-English Civil War) He believed people are born cruel and incapable An absolute monarchy, which could impose order and compel obedience, was the best government.
5. People had certain natural rights from birth. These rights include the right to life, liberty and private property. A government that overreached can be overthrown He expressed ideas in two treatises defending the Glorious Revolution http://youtu.be/1XcjB5nqVgM
6. Hobbes Locke Contrast in a Venn diagram
7. Age of Reason 1700’s Music and art http://youtu.be/NRZ6TpXIHJA
8. English philosopher John Locke - believed people were reasonable & moral. At birth, people’s minds were a clean sheet of paper "Tabula rasa" means "erased tablet" in Latin. Heused this term to describe the infant's mind at birth, Locke supposed the infant's mind to be as white paper, void of all characters, without any ideas. Wondering how the mind came to be furnished, he answered: experience.
9. Venn youtube http://youtu.be/9oC8tiZ1Shg
10. Voltaire Freedom of Speech and religion What did Louis XIV do to trigger Voltaire's ire? Rousseau People are good but are corrupted by the evils of society. The good of the community as a whole should be put before individual interest. Governments should be elected freely. If oppressive should be changed by force.
11. Montesquieu states that the best government Had 3 branches. ( this would protect natural rights) Executive Legislative Judicial This would provide checks and balance. separation of power No one all powerful authority Diderot compiled the ideas of the enlightenment in an Encyclopedia http://youtu.be/cy2jWJtO3lE
12. The Enlightenment ideal "free and equal” did not apply to women. Though the philosophes said women had natural rights, their rights were limited to the areas of home and family. One enlightened women was Mary Wollstonecraft Believed in education for both girls and boys.
13. physiocrats Economic policies Economists who applied natural laws to the economy Adam Smith He wrote The Wealth of Nations. Smith says that economic growth is linked to market forces (supply and demand). These are natural. He believed government should not interfere with business (laissez-faire) Capitalism or market economy Replaced mercantilism
14. Do worksheet 1-16 Using text 144-148
15. Censorship the control of the information and ideas circulated within a society. A hallmark of dictatorships throughout history.
16. Monarchs and the Church wanted to stop the movement, books were censored and burned Many philosophes were arrested and jailed The majority of people, the middle class liked the new concepts
17. With censorship, how did these ideas stay alive and spread? The Courts of monarchs who wanted to be “enlightened”. ( Catherine the Great) 2. Printed materials- pamphlets and the encyclopedia 3. Salons http://youtu.be/SbRGIFIBcQk
18. Rulers who wanted to spread the new ideas--- but keep their authority are enlightened despots. absolute rulers who used their power to bring about political and social change.
19. Joseph II Austria Worked to improve lives of Peasants Tried to modernize government Reformed Russian laws and government ( built schools and hospitals Abolished torture Criticized serfdom Catherine Russia more efficient government Tolerated religious differences Despised torture Frederick the Great Prussia Enlightened Despots examples
20. http
21. Culture of the time Grand art, Baroque, Huge colorful paintings that showed battle scenes. Austere and inspired thought. Art and Architecture Replaced by The more personal, light, charming and elegant Rococo style became more commonplace. Very delicate and ornate. Music http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xq2WTXtKurk&feature=share&list=PLL4bLMIbd7ZysI2lf1p_qtF-lIjkBBa7Q
22. Guy Fawkes Guy Fawkes…hero or villain http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lBVrPurrqCw Gunpowder Plot Robert Catesby http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DD3c4K8b8X8&feature=relmfu
23. "Remember, remember the fifth of November.Gunpowder, Treason and Plot.I see no reason why Gunpowder TreasonShould ever be forgot."
24. North America Before 1763
25. This war ended with the Treaty of Paris in 1763. England acquired all French land east of the Mississippi except New Orleans. (this was ceded to Spain) French Canada now belonged to England The French agreed not to impede Britain's control of India
26. Britain is the powerful nation in the world in the mid-1700’s
27. Britain at mid Century

28. THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION

    CAUSES AND EFFECTS
29. Causes Neglect of Navigation acts prior to 1763 After 1763---The British monarch tightened up enforcement Stopped right to assemble in certain colonies—Massachusetts , when The colonists grumbled New taxes to pay for war! Smuggler/Criminal Merchant European enlightened ideas
30. The British thought of the colonies as a trade link between Britain—Africa ---and, the West Indies. The King, George III, did not think the colonists had any rights as Englishmen. He believed they could be taxed and not be able to assemble or petition. Taxes could be placed on the colonists.
31. The response by the colonists was 1. to protest. 2. the Declaration of Independence 3. The desire to break free from Britain even if it meant a war.
32. Outcomes A revolutionary war fought and won by the colonies A new nation, The United States of America
33. How did the Colonists defeat The world superpower? Home court advantage fought on our own soil. Trained to fight in the F & I war Aided by other European countries especially France Believed in the cause
34. on England On the rest of the world! Inspired other revolutions Especially France New colonial policies George III discredited on English North American colonies. A new Nation based on Enlightened ideas A Constitutional Government Effects of this Revolution
35. The epitome of enlightened thought is the development of a new nation based on those ideals. Flag of 1789
36. Thomas Paine The Crisis "These are the times that try men's souls." Commonsense “ Society in every state is a blessing, but Government, even in its best state, is but a necessary evil; in its worst state an intolerable one.”
37. Who Fought for Independence? Patriots, 1/3 of the population Tories sided with the British Some did not care who won!
38. The writings of Thomas Paine According to enlightened thinkers Justification of the Revolutionary War Approved July 4, 1776 The Declaration of Independence The British did not protected the natural rights of the colonists The colonists declare independence A new nation is created