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Sex

Sex. Chromosomes Gonads (reproduction) Hormones External genitalia (penis, vagina) Internal organs (ovaries, seminal vesicle) Secondary sex characteristics (breasts, hair). Sexual Organ Development. Undifferentiated gonads until week 6 Mullerian system

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Sex

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  1. Sex • Chromosomes • Gonads (reproduction) • Hormones • External genitalia (penis, vagina) • Internal organs (ovaries, seminal vesicle) • Secondary sex characteristics (breasts, hair)

  2. Sexual Organ Development • Undifferentiated gonads until week 6 • Mullerian system • Turns into fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina if no anti-Mullerian hormone present • Wolffian system • Turns into vas deferens, seminal vesicles if androgens (testosterone and dihydrotestosterone) present

  3. Sex Development • Hormones present in the womb determine: • Internal reproductive organs (ovaries or testes) • External genitalia (vagina or penis) • Brain organization

  4. Intersexual • Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: XX w/androgens, ambiguous gen. • Testosterone biosynthetic defects: XY no d.test., ext. XX genitalia • Persistent Mullerian duct syndrome: XY w/o anti-Mull = both int • Turner’s syndrome: XO = no testes or ovaries, XX int & ext • Androgen insensitivity syndrome: XY w/int. testes, ext. XX gen. • Gonadal dysgenesis: XY w/o androgens= XY ducts, XX genitalia • Micropenis: XY w/o 2nd androgen stage; testos at puberty can fix • Sry gene translocation: XX males, sry gene moves to X chromo. • Partial androgen insensitivity syndrome: XY w/ambiguous genitalia • 5-Alpha reductase deficiency: XY testos. dis.=XY body, XX gen • Klinefelter syndrome: XXY = small penis/testes, low andro, breasts • Timing defect: XY w/ambiguous external genitalia

  5. Sex & Gender Differences • Brain development trajectory • Play patterns • Goals, preferences

  6. Theories of Gender Identity • Social Learning Theory • Imitation + shaping • Gender Schema Theory • rules

  7. Studying Sexuality • Kinsey Report • Masturbation, premarital sex, homosexuality, sex drive in males/females over time • Janus Report • Sexual Deviance • Paraphilia (transvestite, fetish, exhibition)

  8. Sexual Attraction • Automatic NS reaction • Sexual orientation and: • Brain: hypothalamus, rams • Genetics: 52% Id twins, 22% fraternal, 11% adopted; region of x chromosome related to increased sexuality focused on males • Womb hormones: stress, rats mounting, multiple boys

  9. Normal Sexual Response • Phase One: Excitement • Phase Two: Plateau • Phase Three: Orgasm • Phase Four: Resolution • Refractory period

  10. Sexual Dysfunctions • Sexual Desire Disorders • Hypoactive sexual desire disorder • Sexual aversion disorder • Sexual Arousal Disorders • Female sexual arousal disorder • Male erectile disorder

  11. Sexual Dysfunctions • Orgasmic Disorders • Male orgasmic disorder • Female orgasmic disorder • Premature ejaculation • Sexual Pain Disorders • Vaginismus • Dyspareunia

  12. Causes of Sexual Dysfunctions • Organic • Illness (diabetes, cancer, strokes), drug side effects, surgery, physical disability, drug use (cocaine, alcohol, barbiturates, nicotine) • Sociocultural • Negative attitudes towards sex • Psychological • Stress/anxiety, low self-esteem, poor body image, relationship problems, previous traumatic events • Combination

  13. Sexual Dysfunctions • Treatment • Medication, psychotherapy, hormone therapy, stress reduction, behavioral therapy, sensate focus

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