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Global Challenges

Global Challenges. Challenge: Gaining Rights and Equality for Women In Africa, small self-help associations developed among women In Chile, the fight for women’s rights was part of a movement against the dictatorship of Pinochet In South Korea, it was part of a democracy movement.

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Global Challenges

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  1. Global Challenges

  2. Challenge: Gaining Rights and Equality for Women • In Africa, small self-help associations developed among women • In Chile, the fight for women’s rights was part of a movement against the dictatorship of Pinochet • In South Korea, it was part of a democracy movement

  3. The United Nations declared 1975 International Woman’s Year

  4. But at the Beijing Conference in 1995, divisions emerged over inheritance • Some wanted equal inheritance for daughters and sons • But under Islamic law, sons receive twice the amount

  5. And a Global Backlash • Some felt feminism challenged traditional values

  6. Challenge: Modernity’s Challenge to the World’s Religions • Fundamentalism • A militant piety in every major religious tradition • Term derived from U.S.A. where religious conservatives were outraged by challenges to Bible • Called for a return to the fundamentals of the faith

  7. Hindu Fundamentalism • Hindu nationalism • A politicization of religion • In increasingly popular Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), • Muslims were viewed as outsiders

  8. Islamic Fundamentalism • Against Western cultural intrusion • Qu’ran and Sharia to provide guidance • Jihad or struggle to please God

  9. The Leading Figures of Islamic Fundamentalism • Mawlana Mawdudi from India • Sayyid Qutb from Egypt

  10. In Sudan, adopted Quranic punishments • Egyptian Islamic Jihad assassinated Sadat

  11. In Iran (1979) and Afghanistan (1996), Islamic movements came to power

  12. Challenge: Confronting Poverty and Inequality through Religion • Liberation Theology • a) A Christian social action movement in Latin America • “Socially Engaged Buddhism” in Asia

  13. Challenge: Protecting the Environment • Impact of Human Population • a) Quadrupling of world population in single century • b) Impact of fossil fuels • 1. Global warming • 2. Diminished habitats

  14. The Romantic Poets • Environmentalism began in nineteenth century with the Romantic poets • a) Denounced Industrial Revolution

  15. Second-Wave of Environmentalism • Began with Rachel Carson’s book – “Silent Spring” in 1962 • a) Described the dangers of chemical pesticides on the environment and humans

  16. Green Party • German environmental movement that entered political arena • a) Opposition to nuclear power

  17. Chikpo Movement in India • “Tree-hugging” movement • In the 1970s, an organized resistance to the destruction of forests spread throughout India and came to be known as the Chipko movement • The name of the movement came from the word “embrace”, as the villagers hugged trees, and prevented contractors’from felling them

  18. The North/South Divide • Global South felt environmental initiatives would curtail needed industrial development • a) U.S. refusal to sign Kyoto Protocol to reduce carbon emissions

  19. A Challenge to Modernity • Need for sustainability as opposed to endless growth

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