4.1.1 Data, Information & Knowledge The relationship between data, Information and Knowledge

1. 4.1.1 Data, Information & Knowledge The relationship between data, Information and Knowledge

2. Starter: List example of Data? Information?

3. Task: Questions In groups discuss: • What is data, information and knowledge? • What makes them different from each other? • Think of an example (5 mins - Groups)

4. Main: Data Data is RAW FACT and FIGURES before they have been processed. Data can be: Words Numbers Dates Images Sounds etc without context Data items need to be part of a structure, such as a Sentence, in order to give them meaning. Data is meaningless as it lacks relevance e.g. Strings of Characters 19091985 VD51FGD

5. Main: Match up Text= pixels stored as binary. Number= logical data i.e. yes/no, true/false. e.g. do you watch football? Boolean= any character on the keyboard. e.g. name, address…. Sound = sampled and conavertedto binary. Digitised image= any combination of digits 0-9. e.g. cost of an item, quantity ….

6. Main: Question Where does data come from? (Examples)

7. Main: Where does data come from? • Results of an experiment • Automatic measurements of environmental quantities • Surveys • Output of a management information system • Transactions

8. Main: Sources of Data Data can be collected from many sources: Internally from within the company. Externally from outside the company. Data can be: Directly collected for a specific purpose. Indirectly derived from data originally collected for an entirely different purpose.

9. Difference between data and information Data are the raw values stored and processed by a data processing system. Information is produced when context is added to the data. £23,712 £28,932 £35, 067 What could these numbers represent?

10. Main: Information Information is a collection of words, numbers, dates, images, sounds etc put into context, ie to give them meaning. Information is DATA that has been GIVEN A MEANING This is done by putting it into context or processed Into useful information. e.g. 19091985 becomes 19/09/1985

11. Task: Give these a meaning Work in pairs to: PROCESS this DATA to give It a MEANING in a story. This will turn it into INFORMATION 42 Rabbits 16:00 76 apples 09743245530 £40 seaside

12. Main: Knowledge Knowledge is the ability to understand information and to then form judgments, decisions based on that understanding. Information becomes KNOWLEDGE when you use a RULE to manipulate the information. e.g. 19/09/1985 If you know their DOB you can apply a rule – if age>=18

13. Exam Definitions: Learn these! • Data consists of raw facts or figures or a set of values, measurements or records of transactions. • Information consists of processed data or data with a context. • Knowledge is derived from information by applying rules to it

14. Processing: • Performing calculations • Sorting • Making decisions • Grouping • Organising (putting data into a structure)

15. Tasks: Data, Information, Knowledge For each example find where data, information and knowledge is within Example 1 Each year, for the past five years, the apple crop in Somerset has grown by 10%. The same amount of growth is predicted this year so we need to find markets for a further 10% of apples. Example 2 The car looked like it had flat tyres and it had a pool of petrol underneath it at the back. There was smoke coming from the bonnet. I took the decision not to allow anyone near it and to evacuate the area.

16. Main: Data Processing Context + + = Processing • “Processing” helps transform data into information and the information into knowledge

17. Main: Data Processing Data Context Meaning Information + + = Processing Knowledge • “Processing” helps transform data into information and the information into knowledge

18. Main: Activity DISCUSS in pairs the following: Place Data, Information and knowledge into the correct order INPUT  Processing  OUTPUT

19. Main: Data Processing Input Output Processing Raw Data Information • Summarizing • Computing • Graphing • Creating Charts • Etc…

20. Main: Data Processing Example Navigation System Input: Maps, Addresses, Points of Interest, “Yellow Pages” Processing: Computing Shortest Paths; Finding the Nearest Chinese Restaurant Output: Directions (each turn + a map with arrows) List of nearby Chinese Restaurants.. The information is the directions of where to go, or the list of nearest restaurants

21. Task: Data Processing ___________System Input: Processing: Output:

22. Main: Different Methods used • Don’t forget, information can be displayed in many different ways, such as • Charts • Graphs • Tables • Reports • and Symbols! • Plus many others….

23. Examples Analyzing data to establish relationships Assessing input in order to evaluate complex or conflicting priorities Identifying and understanding trends Creating or modifying a strategy Main: Knowledge Workers Knowledge workers have specialist knowledge that makes them “experts” Based on formal and informal rules they have learned through training and experience Examples of Jobs?

24. Examples include doctors, managers, librarians, Lawyers, teachers, students, scientists… Main: Knowledge Workers

25. Computers can be programmed with “subject knowledge” to mimic the role of experts One of the most common uses of expert systems is in medicine The ONCOLOG system shown here analyses patient data to provide a reference for doctors, and help for the choice, prescription and follow-up of chemotherapy Main: Expert Systems Give one more Example!!!!

26. Plenary: Quiz (Independent)

27. Plenary: Quiz Results

28. Extension: Is it data or information? • A bar code on a tin of baked beans. • A graph showing the way sales have varied over a 12 month period. • Your bank balance has jumped 102%. • 12.78 • 16/06/1984

29. DST: Complete the Data, Information, Knowledge worksheet for the 1st lesson of next week.