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Competency: 206.00 Draw wall sections and details.

Competency: 206.00 Draw wall sections and details. Objective: 206.02 Apply concepts of wood sill and floor construction. Nominal sizes 2 x 4 2 x 6 2 x 8 2 x 10 2 x 12. Actual sizes 1 ½ x 3 ½ 1 ½ x 5 ½ 1 ½ x 7 ½ 1 ½ x 9 ¼ 1 ½ x 11 ¼ Common lengths 8’, 10’, 12’, 14’, 16’.

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Competency: 206.00 Draw wall sections and details.

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  1. Competency: 206.00Draw wall sections and details. Objective: 206.02 Apply concepts of wood sill and floor construction.

  2. Nominal sizes 2 x 4 2 x 6 2 x 8 2 x 10 2 x 12 Actual sizes 1 ½ x 3 ½ 1 ½ x 5 ½ 1 ½ x 7 ½ 1 ½ x 9 ¼ 1 ½ x 11 ¼ Common lengths 8’, 10’, 12’, 14’, 16’ Lumber sizes

  3. Sill • Structurally graded according to knots (size, tightness, placement), wane, and straightness • Must be pressure-treated lumber • Used as a transition between masonry and standard lumber • Anchor bolts embedded into masonry are commonly used to tie the sill to the foundation • Nails can be shot into concrete with a low-caliber nail gun

  4. Joists • Provide support for floor • Wood or steel

  5. Joists • Size of wood joists depends upon • Species of lumber • Wood grade • Spacing • 12”, 16”, or 24” O.C. spacing is most common • Works with the 48” module common to plywood and OSB

  6. Joists • Recommended live load (40psf) • Distance between supports (clear span) • Joists manufacturer’s charts

  7. Joists • Double joists must be provided under walls running parallel to the joist direction • May be solid or built up of two joists • May be solid or built up of two joists

  8. Joists • Bridging • May be used between joists • Transfers the floor loads to adjacent joists • Stiffens joists • Aligns joists vertically • May be diagonal wood members, metal or 1x3 wood cross bridging • May be solid blocking placed perpendicular between joists

  9. Wood Floor Trusses • May be used in place of solid lumber joists to provide support for the floor • Able to span longer distances than solid lumber joists • Reduce or eliminate the need for girders, piers, and columns • Allow for designing open spaces • Formed with top and bottom horizontal chords and diagonal webs constructed of standard size lumbers

  10. Wood Floor Trusses • Typically placed 24” O.C. • Open web construction • Reduces sound transmission through floors • Aids in ease of plumbing, electrical, and heating systems installation • Sizes are determined from manufacturers’ charts

  11. Wooden I-Joists • Similar to wood floor trusses • May be used in place of solid lumber joists to provide support for the floor • I-joists are able to span longer distances than solid lumber joists • Speed construction • Very straight • May come with circular knock-outs

  12. Wooden I-Joists • Formed with horizontal wooden (solid lumber or micro lam) top and bottom flanges, grooved to receive a solid plywood or OSB vertical web

  13. Joist Header • Used as rim joists with I-joist construction • Can be used with truss construction • Should be strapped to the sill in high wind areas • Double under exterior walls parallel to joist direction

  14. Girders (Beams) • Built-up • Formed with solid lumber nailed together • Built on the job • Glue laminated lumber (glulam) • Solid, 1x__ lumber, glued together under pressure • Graded according to appearance • Very strong • Able to span long distances

  15. Girders (Beams) • Glulam (cont’d) • Disadvantages • Weight • Expense

  16. Girders (Beams) • LVL (Laminated Veneer Lumber) • Glued veneers, similar to plywood • Advantages • High strength • Long spans • Disadvantages • Cost • Low moisture resistance causes delamination in high humidity

  17. Girders (Beams) • PSL (Parallel Strand Lumber) • Composed of veneers cut into strands • Very strong • Allows long spans

  18. Girders (Beams) • Steel • Beam Types S – standard W – wide flange S- beam W - beam • I-beams come in two standards • Wide flange • Standard wide flange • Beam supports greater weight • More stable than standard S-beam • “W 18 x 62” means “Wide flange beam, 18” tall, weighing 62 lbs/ft”

  19. Girders (Beams) • Steel (cont’d) • “W 18 x 62” means “Wide flange beam, 18” tall, weighing 62 lbs/ft” • Advantages • Strength • Ability to span long distances • Disadvantages • Weight • Difficulty in cutting on the job

  20. Girders (Beams) • Girder size • Determined by • Type of material used • Loads imposed • Clear span of the girder • Where loads exceed material limits, the girder span must be reduced by using piers, piles, columns, or posts

  21. GirdersTypes & Components • Drop girder • Flush girder • A ledger strip attached to the girder may support joists • Metal connectors may support joists or hangers attached to the girder • Where joists must tie to a steel girder, a wooden plate must first be bolted to the steel

  22. Subflooring • Provides a base for the underlayment and/or finish flooring material • Underlayment is material placed under finish floor coverings (i.e. as carpet, to provide a smooth, clean surface) • Underlayment can be combined with the subfloor into a single thickness • Single thickness underlayment/subfloor is generally constructed of ¾” tongue and groove plywood

  23. Subflooring • Materials • 1 x ___ board lumber, applied diagonally • Plywood or OSB 4’x 8’ sheets speed the installation • Structural particle board and composite board

  24. Crawl Space Considerations • Access door is required • Recommended size 24” wide x 18” high • Large enough to allow for repair and/or replacement of under-house mechanical systems • Ventilation provided • Removes moisture from crawl space • 8”x 16” vents are common

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