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This article delves into the duality of sacred and profane experiences in cultural tourism. It distinguishes between the non-ordinary, renewing aspects of sacred experiences and the everyday nature of profane interactions. Tracing the origins of tourism from the Grand Tour to contemporary practices, it emphasizes how early tourists sought intellectual engagement rather than mere picturesque vistas. The discussion explores the motivations behind cultural tourism, highlighting the consumption of cultural heritage, and the transformation of these assets into tourism products, ultimately aiming to enhance personal narratives and experiences.
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Sacred & Profane • What is a sacred experience? • What is a profane experience?
Sacred = non- ordinary, exciting, renewing, self-fulfilling Markers in the passage of life Everyday life = profane “All proper vacations involve travel” “The tourist is marginal” Why?
Beginnings of Tourism • The first tourists were those who made the Grand Tour, and these tourists—generally, the social elite—were commonly granted audiences with important cultural figures. Thus we have Milton and Thomas Hobbes meeting Galileo, and James Boswell and Edward Gibbon meeting Voltaire. [discourse-centered idea of travel] • dedicated to this sort of less controlled, more unpredictable personal interaction and intellectual stimulation, with travelers more interested in making cultural and courtly visits and studying foreign languages and literature than in picturesque views. • Interrogatory tourism—and a newer emphasis on looking at managed historical sites and monuments • The concept of "touring" was introduced in John Denham's Coopers Hill in 1643. • Literary tourism as we know it was initiated in England by David Garrick's Stratford Jubilee in 1769.
The engine of tourism • Personal renewel through recreation • Education • Collect objects • Increase our personal narratives • Spending goals
Defining Cultural Tourists Tourism derived Motivational Experiential Operational
Cultural Tourism by Management theory Special Interest Develop and market for increasing markets
Product development Why do businesses develop products?
Motivational Definitions cultural tourists are motivated to travel for different reasons? "movements of persons essentially for cultural motivations such as study tours, performing arts and cultural tours, travel to festivals and other events, visit to sites and monuments, travel to study nature, folklore or art, and pilgrimages" WTO
Experiential or Aspirational Definitions Cultural tourism to a quest or search for greater understanding Cultural tourism can help them see the present from a different viewpoint.
Operational Definition What defines the operational definition? We came to see the tattooed lady. http://youtu.be/n4zRe_wvJw8
Four Elements of Cultural Tourism 1. Tourism 2. Use of cultural heritage assets 3. Consumption of experiences and products 4. The tourist
Tourism Attracting nonlocal visitors (or tourists) who are traveling primarily for pleasure on limited time budgets and who may know little about the significance of the assets being visited.
Use of Cultural Heritage Assets Tangible assets Intangible assets Paradox of Cultural/Heritage Tourism Tourism involves the consumption of experiences and products Cultural heritage assets must be transformed into cultural tourism products
heritage asset vs cultural tourism product A heritage asset represents the un-commodified or raw asset identified for its intrinsic values. A cultural tourism product, on the other hand, represents an asset that has been transformed or commodified specifically for tourism consumption