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Male and Female Reproductive Systems: Anatomy and Function Summary

Explore the key glands and structures of the male and female reproductive systems, including spermatogenesis, oogenesis, and hormone control. Learn how semen is produced in males and ova in females, highlighting important facts and animations for better understanding.

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Male and Female Reproductive Systems: Anatomy and Function Summary

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  1. Reproduction

  2. Male Reproductive System Seminal Vesicle Cowpers Gland Urethra Penis Prostate Vas Deferens Epididymus Testis Scrotum

  3. Important Glands The following glands all contribute to semen: • Seminal vesicle – secretes fructose for energy • Prostate gland – alkaline buffer, protects from acidic environment of vagina • Cowper’s gland – mucus-rich fluids

  4. Testes • Sperm are produced in seminiferous tubules within the testes • Sperm mature and are stored in the epididymous

  5. Spermatogenesis Three types of cells in testes: • Spermatagonia – produce sperm • Sertoli Cells – influence/nurture developing sperm • Interstitial cells – produce testosterone http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter28/animation__spermatogenesis__quiz_1_.html

  6. Spermatogenesis For each spermatagonium that undergoes meiosis – 4 sperm are produced

  7. Five hormones that control male reproductive function GnRH – released from Hypothalamus, stimulates pituitary to release FSH and LH FSH – stimulates Sertoli cells which then signal sperm production LH – stimulates interstitial cells to produce testosterone Testosterone – male sex hormone

  8. Female Reproductive System Uterus (womb) Ovary Fallopian Tube Fimbriae Vagina

  9. Ovaries • Produce female hormones estrogen and progesterone • Site of egg cell (ova) development and ovulation • Contain cells called follicles that develop into oocytes (immature eggs)

  10. Oogenesis (egg formation) • Follicles make up two kinds of cells: primary oocyte and granulosa cells

  11. Animation: Oogenesis and Ovulation http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter28/animation__maturation_of_the_follicle_and_oocyte.html

  12. Hormones that Control Female Reproductive Function FSH – stimulates follicle development Estrogen – produced by growing follicles (and corpus luteum), high amounts signal ovulation LH – stimulates corpus luteum growth and maintenance Progesterone – produced by corpus luteum. Inhibits further ovulation, maintains uterine lining during pregnancy

  13. Interesting… • Women do not produce new eggs throughout life…unlike sperm production • Women will produce on average of 400 mature eggs between ages 12-50 **new research

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