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Overview of Animal Kingdom: Domains, Kingdoms, Phyla, Classes, and Eukaryotic Cells

Explore the diverse animal kingdom divisions, from Prokaryotic cells to Eukaryotic cells, including Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Fungi, Plantae, Protista, and Animalia. Learn about key phyla like Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, Mollusca, Arthropoda, Echinodermata, and Chordata. Delve into the characteristics and classifications of these fascinating organisms.

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Overview of Animal Kingdom: Domains, Kingdoms, Phyla, Classes, and Eukaryotic Cells

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  1. Viruses • Not living • Have DNA or RNA + protein coat • Must reproduce inside a host cell • Have receptors on their protein coat for specific cells (ex: Helper T cells and HIV)

  2. Review of Animal Kingdom Domains Kingdoms Phyla Classes

  3. Prokaryotic cells • Live in extreme environments • Kingdom Archaebacteria Domain Archaea

  4. Prokaryotic • Familiar forms of bacteria • Kingdom Eubacteria Domain Bacteria

  5. All organisms with eukaryotic cells • Includes all animals, plants, fungi and protists • Unicellular or multicellular • Heterotrophic or autotrophic Domain Eukarya

  6. Kingdom Fungi • Heterotrophic • Usually multicellular, but some are unicellular • Cell walls made of chitin • Predigest food outside the body and absorb it • Mushrooms, yeasts, mold, mildew Kingdom Fungi

  7. Kingdom Plantae • Autotrophic • Multicellular • Cell walls made of cellulose • Trees, flowering plants mosses, ferns, conifers Kingdom Plantae

  8. Kingdom Protista • Hodgepodge of groups • Taxonomists are working on this • Heterotrophic or Autotrophic • Unicellular or Multicellular • Mostly aquatic • Include parasites that cause malaria and leishmaniasis, algae, and some that exhibit characteristics of fungi Kingdom Protista

  9. Kingdom Animalia • Heterotrophic • Multicellular • Animals of all types: sponges, jellyfish, worms, mollusks, arthropods like insects, and vertebrates • Phylums studied are: Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, Arthropoda, Mollusca,Echinodermata & Chordata as well as the classes of vertebrates Kingdom Animalia

  10. Phylum Porifera • Types of cells grouped into a body with no symmetry or tissues • Sponges • Phylum Cnidaria • Two germ layers • Tissues • Two body types:polyp and medusa • Stinging cells (nematocysts) • Corals, anemones,jellyfish Phylum Characteristics

  11. Flatworms • Some parasitic, some free-living • Acoelomate, bilateral symmetry • Protostome development • Gastrovascular cavity with one opening • Three germ layers • Flukes, tapeworms, Planaria Phylum Platyhelminthes

  12. Roundworms • Parasitic and free-living in soil • Cuticle shed periodically • Protostome development • Three germ layers, bilateral symmetry • Pseudocoelomate- body cavity partially lined with mesoderm • Ascariswas what we dissected adapted for parasitism, well-developed reproductive system • Simple digestive tract with two openings Phylum Nematoda

  13. Snails, slugs, octopus, clams, squid • Three germ layers • true coelom-body cavity lined with mesoderm • Not segmented, bilateral symmetry • Respiratory system, gills or across mantle cavity • Digestive system with two openings • Both open and closed circulatory systems • Nerve ganglion, simple nervous systems (except cephalopods) • Dissected the clam Phylum Mollusca

  14. Most successful phylum • Three subgroups:crustaceans like lobster and shrimp, insects & arachnids or spiders ticks and mites • Exoskeleton • Three germ layers • Coelom • Flight and other adaptations • Jointed appendages • Open circulatory system • Excretory adaptations • Complete digestive system Phylum Arthropoda

  15. Deuterostome development • Water vascular system • Inner skeleton of plates of calcium • Starfish Phylum Echinidermate

  16. Two groups are not vertebrates:tunicates and lancelets • All chordates have: dorsal, hollow nerve cord, notochord, pharyngeal pouches,and a post-anal tail • All classes of remaining chordates have vertebrae • All coelomates, three germ layers, well developed body systems Phylum Chordata

  17. Some fish groups have cartilage skeletons • Most have bony skeletons • Class Chondricthyes have cartilage skeletons • Class Osteichthyes has bony skeletons • Gills and excretory system, lateral line, swim bladder adapts them to an aquatic life • Sharks, walleye, tuna, manta rays Vertebrates-Fish

  18. Adapted for water and land • Must be near water to reproduce • Frogs, caecilians, salamanders • Moist skin • Breathe via skin and small lungs • Kidney and excretory system • Sexual reproduction –external fertilization • Class Amphibia Vertebrates-Amphibians

  19. Dry scaly skin • Amniote egg allows reproduction with no water needed • Ectothermic-use heat from the environment to warm them • Lizards, snakes • Class Reptilia • Heat-sensing organs for finding prey Vertebrates-Reptiles

  20. Class Aves • All birds, including flightless birds • Air spaces, feathers, keel for flight • Evolved from reptiles • Endothermic- metabolism provides heat to warm the body Vertebrates-Birds

  21. Class Mammalia • Diaphragm • Mammary glands • Fur or hair • Endothermic • Larger brain than other classes of vertebrates Vertebrates-Mammals

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