Early Influences

1. Early Influences Section 1 Chapter 2

2. Focus Questions • What political ideals did English colonists bring with them to North America? • What major documents limited the power of English monarchs? • How were the ideals of limited and representative government evident in colonial governments?

3. The colonists brought with them ideas on creating government to North America

4. An English Heritage • Great Britain does not have a written constitution– basic sets of laws and principles establishing the nation’s government • Two important ideals influenced the colonists: limited government and representative government • This served the colonial government and then the U.S. government

5. An English Heritage Limited Government • In 1215 nobles in England forced King John to sign the Magna Carta(“Great Charter”) • It established rule of law under which government leaders must act according to set laws • No longer levy taxes without nobles approval • Gave people right to trial by their peers • Applied only to nobles but was later extended to everyone

6. An English Heritage Representative Government Representative government has its roots in a council or nobles and high religious officials that advised the monarchs (older than the Magna Carta) Over time that advisory council evolved into a bicameral (two chamber) legislature called Parliament The lower house is made up of representatives of the people Parliament helps limit the power the Monarch

7. An English Heritage Representative Government Parliament forced Charles I to sign the Petition of Right in 1628 which stated that monarchs could not imprison people illegally, force citizens to house soldiers in their homes, or establish military rule during times of peace and stated the monarch needed Parliament’s permission to raise taxes

8. An English Heritage Representative Government In 1688, before William and Mary of Orange could become King and Queen Parliament made them sign the English Bill of Rights It clearly stated that monarchy could not rule without consent of Parliament—it forbade the monarch from maintaining an army without Parliamentary consent and said that Parliament should operate without royal interference These three documents made it so that monarch could only rule with the consent of the people it governed

9. Colonial Development • The first permanent English colony was Jamestown, Virginia in 1607 • Jamestown and other later settlements showed the influence of basic English principles in government

10. Colonial Development Charters • Charters is an agreement whereby the English monarch gave settlers the right to establish a colony • The charter set government and established the way officials could be chosen and how counsels are chosen

11. Colonial Development Governments Georgia was the last of the first 13 colonies in 1733 Each colony had aspects of representative and limited government

12. Colonial Development Governments A governor was chosen as an execute, a counsel was chosen to advise the governor who were elected There were three types of colonies Royal– belonged directly to the crown Proprietary—granted by a king to an individual Corporate colonies were founded without any direct authorization from the English government

13. Focus Questions • What political ideals did English colonists bring with them to North America? • What major documents limited the power of English monarchs? • How were the ideals of limited and representative government evident in colonial governments?