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UNIT 5 Chapter 9 – The Americas: A Separate World Chapter 16 – People and Empires in the Americas. EARLY AMERICAN EMPIRES. OBJECTIVES. CORE OBJECTIVE : Describe the impact and influence of early American civilizations upon the rest of the world.
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UNIT 5Chapter 9 – The Americas: A Separate WorldChapter 16 – People and Empires in the Americas EARLY AMERICAN EMPIRES
OBJECTIVES • CORE OBJECTIVE: Describe the impact and influence of early American civilizations upon the rest of the world. • Objective 5.4: Identify the key features of Maya kingdoms. • Objective 5.5: Describe Aztec society, religion, and urban planning • Objective 5.6: Trace the developments of the Incan Empire. • THEME:
CHAPTER 16: People and Empires in the Americas, 500–1500 Societies in the Americas range from small tribal bands to the vast empires of the Maya, the Aztecs, and the Inca. North American Societies SECTION 1 Maya Kings and Cities SECTION 2 The Aztecs Control Central Mexico SECTION 3 The Inca Create a Mountain Empire SECTION 4
The Inca Create aMountain Empire The Inca build a vast empire supported by taxes, governed by a bureaucracy, and linked by extensive road systems. CHAPTER 16 SECTION 4
THE INCA BUILD AN EMPIRE • Incan Beginnings • Inca live first in high plateau of Andes Mountains • By 1200s, they have a kingdom in Valley of Cuzco • Inca believe that their ruler is descended from sun god, Inti • Pachacuti Builds an Empire • Pachacuti, a powerful and ambitious emperor, takes control in 1438 • Under Pachacuti, Inca conquer lands holding 16 million people • Inca use diplomacy and military force to achieve conquests WRITE THIS DOWN!
INCAN GOVERNMENT CREATES UNITY WRITE THIS DOWN! • Organized Rule • Inca divide conquered lands into smaller units to govern easily • Make Quechua official language of entire empire • Incan Cities Show Government Presence • Inca build cities with same architecture for government buildings • Capital is Cuzco, which has temples, plazas, palaces • Inca are very skilled builders
GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION • Inca government controls economy and society • Use ayllu— extended family group — to control how people live, work • Divides society into groups of 10; 100; 1,000; 10,000 • Chain of command stretches from central government to smallest unit • Demands mita— requirement that people work for state • Cares for the aged and disabled WRITE THIS DOWN!
COMMUNICATION • Public Works Projects • Government creates public works, including 14,000-mile road network • Runners carry messages along the roads to different places • Government Record-Keeping • Inca do not develop system of writing • Use quipu— set of knotted strings — as accounting device • Might also have had elaborate two-calendar system WRITE THIS DOWN!
RELIGION SUPPORTS THE STATE • Inca Gods • Inca have fewer gods than Aztecs • Creator god and sun god are most important • Religious Practices • Priests draft young women to assist in ceremonies • Some young men also become specialized religious workers • Great Cities • Cuzco has magnificent Temple of the Sun decorated in gold • Other cities might have had religious importance as well
DISCORD IN THE EMPIRE • In early 1500s, Inca Empire reaches its height under Huayna Capac • Capac dies, perhaps of smallpox, while touring newly conquered Ecuador • In 1520s, his sons Atahualpa and Huascar split empire • Atahualpa wants control of whole empire and begins civil war • This war weakens Inca state just before Spanish arrive
