POPULATION DYNAMICS OF PLANT PARASITIC NEMATODES OF SUGARCANE ( Saccharum officinarum L.)

1. POPULATION DYNAMICS OF PLANT PARASITIC NEMATODES OF SUGARCANE (Saccharum officinarum L.) Aamir Shahazad (Nematologist) Dr. Shahid Afghan (Director Research) Shakarganj Sugar Research Institute, Toba Road, Jhang

2. INTRODUCTION • A survey on frequency and abundance of plant-parasitic nematodes 2008-2009 • Locations selected • Sample size • Population trends of nematodes on plant and ratoon crops • Population range of plant parasitic nematodes • Identification of Genera (Helicotylenchus and Tylenchorhynchus) • Prominence range (20 % to 45.9 %)

3. The Nematode Community... Tylenchorhynchus spp. Meloidogyne Spp. Ascaris lumbricoides Helicotylenchus spp. Hoplolaimus spp. Pratylenchus spp.

4. Materials and Methods Survey of Plant Parasitic Nematodes • Soil Sampling • Sieving • Processing

5. Genera Identification Quantitative Analysis: Nematodes Population in 5 ml of suspension: 1 2 3 Mean 1363 1332 1468 1388 5 ml of suspension contain Nematodes = 1388 1 ml _____________________ = 1388/5 100 ml ___________________ = 1388/5*100 = 27760 Total no. of Nematodes in 500gm of Soil= 27760 Qualitative Analysis: Total no. Plant Parasitic Nematodes in 100 ml = 523 Helicotylenchus =202 Pratylenchus = 58 Hoplolaimus = 29 Hemicriconemoide = 234 523 no. plant parasitic nematodes contain Hemi.= 234 1 ______________________________ = 234/523 100 _____________________________ = 234/523*100 Hemicriconemoide in sample is = 45 % Plant parasitic nematodes were identified up to genera level comparing their morphology with the coordination of “ National Nematological Research Centre”(NNRC), Karachi University. But Root knot nematodes were identified up to genera level by studying their morphology and perineal pattern (Taylor and Sasser1978).

6. Results and Discussion Results and Discussion

7. Table-1 Population of plant parasitic nematodes associated with soils and roots of sugarcane

8. Table-2 Population of Nematodes at two different times of sugarcane

9. Table-3 Distribution of Plant Parasitic Nematodes associated with sugarcane 0 = not recorded; + = Present in survey; ++ = Common; +++ = Widespread

10. Discussion • Survey showed that Tylenchorhynchus, Helicotylenchus, Hemicriconemoide and Pratylenchus were the most frequently found genera of Nematodes in Central Punjab. • Problem was more severe in ratoon crop than plant crop.

11. Conclusion • The results indicate Helicotylenchus, Pratylenchus, Meloidogyne, and Hemicriconemoidespp., were the most common nematodes in cane fields. • Nematode population was higher in sandy soil compared to Clay loam soil. • Previous studeis has shown that nematodes caused a significant reduction in yield and quality of sugarcane crop.

12. Control Measures Sanitation: Avoid introducing pests to new locations Crop Rotation: Reducing population in a site by growing a poor or non host Heat Therapy: Pasturization and Solarization of soil Biological Control: Use of Pasturia, Dactyleria brochophaga, Arthrobotrys oligospora Use of Chemical: Methyl Bromide, Carbofuran @ 8 kg per acre. May be mixed with basal doze of fertilizer at planting time.

13. References • Anonymous 2009. Economic Survey on Crop situation. Federal Bureau of stistics. Government of Pakistan, Islamabad. pp 10. • Anwar, S. A.; Kallu, M. A.; Javid, M.A. and Khan, S. H., 1986. Nematode parasites of sug­arcane J. Agri. Res., Lahore, 24: 123-127. Choice • Cueva, C. & Carbonell, E. (1979). Sugarcane nematodes in peru. Boll. Tech. Divn. Tech. Instt.Central invest Azuc., 8: 59-68. • Gul, F. and P. Khan (2005) Assessment of plant parasitic nematodes associated with sugarcane crop in district Charsadda, NWFP province. Pak. J. Nematol, 23(1): 51-56.

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