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WM Chapter 6: Animal Behavior

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WM Chapter 6: Animal Behavior

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    1. WM Chapter 6: Animal Behavior

    2. Habitat Selection

    3. Gene based habitat selection Woodland vs prairie deer mice Brought into lab Artificial prairie & woodland Mice offered choice of habitat Each preferred habitat it lived in despite novel environment. Why???

    4. Habitat selection: Genes vs Environment Young chipping sparrows, raised in captivity in neutral environment offered pine or oak leaves. 67% chose pine 33% chose oak Young raised with oak leaves showed preference for oak later.

    5. Management implications of Habitat selection? Northwoods White tail deer yards White cedar, hardwood sprouts Logging camps Feeding stations

    6. Courtship behavior and management Limited habitat Black ducks & mallards Cross breeding Evolved differences due to habitat Black ducks – woodland, camo Mallards –open, males bright Reduced black duck pop Prize game bird in northern US & canada Loss of genetic integrity

    7. Courtship behavior used for census Spring bird counts based on song Spring – summer congregation of frogs/toads Example: woodcocks (Scolopax minor) Male peents (buzz) & spiral flight Observers travel pt to pt, listen for 2 min/.64 km Record numbers.

    8. Reproductive physiology & management Reproduction depends on Photoperiod Endocrine gland Sex specific behavior Nest building activities sometime stimulate Even when re-nesting Eagle’s nest 5-8 feet diameter Presence of several members of opposite sex

    9. Territorial behavior Territory Home range May limit numbers in parks Elephant herds

    10. Types of territorial behavior Visual displays Threats, posturing Sounds Scent Scat Physical displays

    11. Sexual segragation Most animals are dimorphic (2 body types) Some are not – geese, eagles Sexually isolated except during mating Males solitary (or juvenile groups) Females with young of year or 2

    12. Circadian rhythms

    13. Circadian rhythms Diurnal Nocturnal Crepuscular seasonal

    14. Dispersal

    15. Dispersal Many females stay close to home territory Most males leave Advantages Reduce inbreeding Repopulate depleted areas Colonize new areas Disadvantages Increased predation risk Increased death from env. May not find a mate

    16. Response to humans Most animals respond to humans by hiding or fleeing Trust may develop if food is offered Raccoon bear Eagle nests 50 yards no go zone Ospreys could care less songbirds

    17. Parental Care Imprinting: follow first moving object Deer – mature hide fawns better Spaced further apart (if 2 or 3) Further into interior of territory

    18. Migration Moving from 1 spatial unit to another Monarchs – need territory preserved in US & mexico for survival Caribou Sea turtles Bats birds

    19. Migration: Mississippi flyway Primary waterfowl route in central US

    20. Sandhill crane flyways Management issues # countries # states Different resources for different areas Breeding/nesting Food/ refuel resting

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