1 / 42

UNUSUAL BUILDINGS AND VULNERABILITY IN EARTHQUAKES

UNUSUAL BUILDINGS AND VULNERABILITY IN EARTHQUAKES. Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA . BACKGROUND. CAUSES OF DAMAGE. INADEQUATE RESISTANCE TO HORIZONTAL GROUND SHAKING. SOIL AMPLIFICATION. PERMANENT DISPLACEMENT (SURFACE FAULTING & GROUND FAILURE).

hye
Download Presentation

UNUSUAL BUILDINGS AND VULNERABILITY IN EARTHQUAKES

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. UNUSUAL BUILDINGS AND VULNERABILITY IN EARTHQUAKES Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA 

  2. BACKGROUND

  3. CAUSES OF DAMAGE INADEQUATE RESISTANCE TO HORIZONTAL GROUND SHAKING SOIL AMPLIFICATION PERMANENT DISPLACEMENT (SURFACE FAULTING & GROUND FAILURE) IRREGULARITIES IN ELEVATION AND PLAN EARTHQUAKES TSUNAMI WAVE RUNUP CASE HISTORIES LACK OF DETAILING AND POOR CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS LACK OF ATTENTION TO NON-STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS

  4. BUILDING ELEVATIONS • FACT: Unnecessary horizontal and vertical changes in symmetry, mass, and stiffness will increase a building’s vulnerability to strong ground shaking.

  5. FACT: UNUSUAL BUILDINGS ARE LIKELY TO BE MORE VULNERABLE IN AN EARTHQUAKE

  6. A CHURCH: REYKJAVEK, ICELAND

  7. ATLANTIS HOTEL: DUBAI, UAE

  8. EMP MUSEUM: SEATTLE, WASHINGTON (USA)

  9. A LIBRARY: KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI (USA)

  10. A HOTEL: PYONGYANG, NORTH KOREA

  11. “THE GHERKIN,” AN OFFICE BUILDING: LONDON

  12. SKY CITY (2,749 FEET--NOT YET FINISHED) : CHANGSHA, CHINA

  13. REGULARITY IN A BUILDING’S ELEVATION REDUCES ITS VULNERABILITY TO STRONG GROUND SHAKING

  14. ANALYSIS OF VULNERABILITY BUILDING ELEVATION LOCATIONS OF POTENTIAL FAILURE RELATIVE VULERABILITY [1 (Best) to 10 (Worst)] None, if attention given to foundation and non-structural elements. Rocking may crack foundation and structure. X-Cracks around windows. 1-2 Box

  15. DAMAGED HOUSE:CHINA

  16. ASYMmETRY and lateral changes: CHINA

  17. ANALYSIS OF VULNERABILITY BUILDING ELEVATION LOCATIONS OF POTENTIAL FAILURE RELATIVE VULERABILITY [1 (Best) to 10 (Worst)] None, if attention given to foundation and non structural elements. Rocking may crack foundation. 1 Pyramid

  18. ANALYSIS OF VULNERABILITY BUILDING ELEVATION LOCATIONS OF POTENTIAL FAILURE RELATIVE VULERABILITY [1 (Best) to 10 (Worst)] Top heavy, asymmetrical structure may fail at foundation due to rocking and overturning. 4 - 6 Inverted Pyramid

  19. ANALYSIS OF VULNERABILITY BUILDING ELEVATION LOCATIONS OF POTENTIAL FAILURE RELATIVE VULERABILITY [1 (Best) to 10 (Worst)] Asymmetry and horizontal transition in mass, stiffness and damping may cause failure where lower and upper structures join. 5 - 6 “L”- Shaped Building

  20. ANALYSIS OF VULNERABILITY BUILDING ELEVATION LOCATIONS OF POTENTIAL FAILURE RELATIVE VULERABILITY [1 (Best) to 10 (Worst)] Vertical transition and asymmetry may cause failure where lower part is attached to tower. 3 - 5 Inverted “T”

  21. ANALYSIS OF VULNERABILITY BUILDING ELEVATION LOCATIONS OF POTENTIAL FAILURE RELATIVE VULERABILITY [1 (Best) to 10 (Worst)] Vertical transition in mass, stiffness, and damping may cause failure at foundation and transition points at each floor. 2 - 3 Multiple Setbacks

  22. ANALYSIS OF VULNERABILITY BUILDING ELEVATION LOCATIONS OF POTENTIAL FAILURE RELATIVE VULERABILITY [1 (Best) to 10 (Worst)] Top heavy asymmetrical structure may fail at transition point and foundation due to rocking and overturning. 4 - 5 Overhang

  23. ANALYSIS OF VULNERABILITY BUILDING ELEVATION LOCATIONS OF POTENTIAL FAILURE RELATIVE VULERABILITY [1 (Best) to 10 (Worst)] Horizontal and vertical transitions in mass and stiffness may cause failure on soft side of first floor; rocking and overturning. 6 - 7 Partial “Soft” Story

  24. ANALYSIS OF VULNERABILITY BUILDING ELEVATION LOCATIONS OF POTENTIAL FAILURE RELATIVE VULERABILITY [1 (Best) to 10 (Worst)] Vertical transitions in mass and stiffness may cause failure on transition points between first and second floors. 8 - 10 “Soft” First Floor

  25. THE TYPICAL SOFT-STOREY BUILDING IN TURKEY

  26. ANALYSIS OF VULNERABILITY BUILDING ELEVATION LOCATIONS OF POTENTIAL FAILURE RELATIVE VULERABILITY [1 (Best) to 10 (Worst)] Horizontal and vertical transitions in mass and stiffness may cause failure at transition points and possible overturning. 9 - 10 Combination of “Soft” Story and Overhang

  27. ANALYSIS OF VULNERABILITY BUILDING ELEVATION LOCATIONS OF POTENTIAL FAILURE RELATIVE VULERABILITY [1 (Best) to 10 (Worst)] Horizontal transition in stiffness of soft story columns may cause failure of columns at foundation and/or contact points with structure. 10 Building on Sloping Ground

  28. SOFT STORY BUILDING ON SLOPING GROUND: CHINA TRIGGERED LANDSLIDES

  29. ANALYSIS OF VULNERABILITY BUILDING ELEVATION LOCATIONS OF POTENTIAL FAILURE RELATIVE VULERABILITY [1 (Best) to 10 (Worst)] Horizontal and vertical transition in stiffness and cause failure of individual members. 8 - 9 Theaters and Assembly Halls

  30. ANALYSIS OF VULNERABILITY BUILDING ELEVATION LOCATIONS OF POTENTIAL FAILURE RELATIVE VULERABILITY [1 (Best) to 10 (Worst)] Horizontal and vertical transition in mass and stiffness may cause failure columns. 9 - 10 Sports Stadiums

  31. SIMPLICITY IN A BUILDING’S FLOOR PLAN REDUCES ITS VULNERABILITY TO STRONG GROUND SHAKING

  32. BUILDING FLOOR PLANS • FACT: CHANGING FLOOR PLANS FROM SIMPLE TO COMPLEX AND FROM SYMMETRICAL TO ASYMMETRICAL WILL INCREASE A BUILDING’S VULNERABILITY TO GROUND SHAKING.

  33. ANALYSIS OF VULNERABILITY FLOOR PLAN POTENTIAL PROBLEMS RELATIVE VULERABILITY [1 (Best) to 10 (Worst)] None, if symmetrical layout maintained. 1 Box

  34. ANALYSIS OF VULNERABILITY FLOOR PLAN POTENTIAL PROBLEMS RELATIVE VULERABILITY [1 (Best) to 10 (Worst)] Differences in length and width will cause differences in strength, differential movement, and possible overturning. 2 - 4 Rectangle

  35. ANALYSIS OF VULNERABILITY FLOOR PLAN POTENTIAL PROBLEMS RELATIVE VULERABILITY [1 (Best) to 10 (Worst)] Asymmetry will cause torsion and enhance damage at corners. 2 - 4 Street Corner

  36. ANALYSIS OF VULNERABILITY FLOOR PLAN POTENTIAL PROBLEMS RELATIVE VULERABILITY [1 (Best) to 10 (Worst)] Asymmetry will enhance damage at corner regions. 5 - 10 “U” - Shape

  37. ANALYSIS OF VULNERABILITY FLOOR PLAN POTENTIAL PROBLEMS RELATIVE VULERABILITY [1 (Best) to 10 (Worst)] Open space in center reduces resistance and enhance damage at corner regions. 4 Courtyard in Corner

  38. ANALYSIS OF VULNERABILITY FLOOR PLAN POTENTIAL PROBLEMS RELATIVE VULERABILITY [1 (Best) to 10 (Worst)] Asymmetry will cause torsion and enhance damage at intersection and corners. 8 “L” - Shape

  39. torsion:CHINA

  40. ANALYSIS OF VULNERABILITY FLOOR PLAN POTENTIAL PROBLEMS RELATIVE VULERABILITY [1 (Best) to 10 (Worst)] Directional variation in stiffness will enhance damage at intersecting corner. 5 - 7 “H” - Shape

  41. ANALYSIS OF VULNERABILITY FLOOR PLAN POTENTIAL PROBLEMS RELATIVE VULERABILITY [1 (Best) to 10 (Worst)] Asymmetry and directional variation in stiffness will enhance torsion and damage at intersecting. 8 - 10 Complex Floor Plan

  42. ANALYSIS OF VULNERABILITY FLOOR PLAN POTENTIAL PROBLEMS RELATIVE VULERABILITY [1 (Best) to 10 (Worst)] Asymmetry and irregularities will cause torsion and enhance damage along boundaries and at corners. 5- 9 Curved Plan

More Related