First Workshop on the FPGA in Nuclear Power Plants 8 - 10 October 2008 EdF RD, Chatou, France

1. First Workshop on the FPGAin Nuclear Power Plants8 - 10 October 2008 EdF R&D, Chatou, France FPGA for space applications

2. First Workshop on the FPGA in Nuclear Power Plants 2 Plan of the presentation I. Space environment constraints I.1 Radiative constraints I.2 Effects on the components II. FPGAs vs ASICs II.1 Qualitative comparison II.2 FPGAs and their interest for space applications II.3 Keys aspects of FPGAs III. Use of FPGAs in European space programs III.1 Main FPGA vendors used in European space applications III.2 ATMEL : upcoming space FPGA major player III.3 Other upcoming space FPGA parts IV. FPGAs developments & Space product assurance IV.1 Standards IV.2 Quality assurance V. Conclusion

3. First Workshop on the FPGA in Nuclear Power Plants 3 I - Space environment constraints 1 - Radiative constraints Space environment: high energy electrons, protons and ions ? from other radiation environments (e.g. nuclear plants and weapons (neutrons, X rays)) ? has to be carefully taken into account for space applications.

4. First Workshop on the FPGA in Nuclear Power Plants 4 I - Space environment constraints 2 - Effects on the components a) Ionizing effects: Deposit of dose in the matter: (cumulative effect) ? electrons, protons and ? photons trapped in the material Singular events: (single particle effect) ? intense irradiation of matter caused by the crossing of a high energy particle (Ions, protons)

5. First Workshop on the FPGA in Nuclear Power Plants 5 I - Space environment constraints 2 - Effects on the components a) Ionizing effects:

6. First Workshop on the FPGA in Nuclear Power Plants 6 I - Space environment constraints 2 - Effects on the components a) Ionizing effects: Single event effect (SEE): b) Non ionizing effects: Move of atoms in crystals Creation of defects Creation of additional levels of trapping ? protons

7. First Workshop on the FPGA in Nuclear Power Plants 7 Plan of the presentation I. Space environment constraints I.1 Radiative constraints I.2 Effects on the components II. FPGAs vs ASICs II.1 Qualitative comparison II.2 FPGAs and their interest for space applications II.3 Keys aspects of FPGAs III. Use of FPGAs in European space programs III.1 Main FPGA vendors used in European space applications III.2 ATMEL : upcoming space FPGA major player III.3 Other upcoming space FPGA parts IV. FPGAs developments & Space product assurance IV.1 Standards IV.2 Quality assurance V. Conclusion

8. First Workshop on the FPGA in Nuclear Power Plants 8 II - FPGAs vs ASICs

9. First Workshop on the FPGA in Nuclear Power Plants 9 2 - FPGAs and their interest for space applications: FPGAs (Field Programmable Gate Arrays) = matrixes of logic blocks which can be interconnected in order to implement any digital logic function. Many advantages of using FPGAs: Reducing system dimensions Innovative & complex architectures associating on a same chip (µP cores, memory blocks and specific logic functions) Easier prototyping Re-programmability of the FPGA is a major asset for innovative reconfigurable or adaptative system designs (not all space FPGAs) Transforming commercial non-hardened components into space qualified ones: use of commercial IPs IP on an FPGA: solving obsolescence problems for long term series

10. First Workshop on the FPGA in Nuclear Power Plants 10 3 - Keys aspects of FPGAs

11. First Workshop on the FPGA in Nuclear Power Plants 11 Plan of the presentation I. Space environment constraints I.1 Radiative constraints I.2 Effects on the components II. FPGAs vs ASICs II.1 Qualitative comparison II.2 FPGAs and their interest for space applications II.3 Keys aspects of FPGAs III. Use of FPGAs in European space programs III.1 Main FPGA vendors used in European space applications III.2 ATMEL : upcoming space FPGA major player III.3 Other upcoming space FPGA parts IV. FPGAs developments & Space product assurance IV.1 Standards IV.2 Quality assurance V. Conclusion

12. First Workshop on the FPGA in Nuclear Power Plants 12 1 - Main FPGA vendors used in European space applications: ACTEL (USA): Anti-fuse based FPGA (OTP) MAX equivalent ASIC gates: 500Kgates ? 1Mgates (RTAX-S family) Rad-Hard tolerant Space Qualification levels: QML-Q/V ITAR restrictions XILINX (USA): SRAM based FPGA (reprogrammable): widely used for prototyping, some used in flight segment (QPro family) MAX equivalent ASIC gates: 2Mgates SRAM is sensitive to SEU ? use of TMR Space Qualification levels: QML-Q/V No ITAR restrictions at the moment, but probably SIRF (expected in 2010) will be subjected to it!

13. First Workshop on the FPGA in Nuclear Power Plants 13 2 - ATMEL : upcoming space FPGA major player ATMEL (USA but FPGA activities are located in Europe (France)): ATF280E (under CNES contract) With the AT40KEL, the ATF280E represents the only European space-oriented FPGA Rad-Hard by design SRAM-based FPGA Equivalent ASIC gates: 280Kgates Samples delivered to beta-customers: July 2008 Qualified FM (Manufacturer Qualification): Q1-2009: QML-Q/V parts No ITAR restrictions Upcoming parts: 360Kgates FPGA on SOI development: CNES/ATMEL/JAXA/HIREC/OKI joint activities FPGA modules: ATF280E + LEON 2 µP, 2x ATF280E + EEPROM 4Mbit

14. First Workshop on the FPGA in Nuclear Power Plants 14 2 - ATMEL : upcoming space FPGA major player ATMEL & ACTEL capacity evolution:

15. First Workshop on the FPGA in Nuclear Power Plants 15 3 - Other upcoming space FPGA parts Xilinx works on SIRF FPGA (radiation hard re-configurable FPGA) Actel works on radiation hard Flash-based FPGA UTMC/Aeroflex might go for next generation FPGAs

16. First Workshop on the FPGA in Nuclear Power Plants 16 Plan of the presentation I. Space environment constraints I.1 Radiative constraints I.2 Effects on the components II. FPGAs vs ASICs II.1 Qualitative comparison II.2 FPGAs and their interest for space applications II.3 Keys aspects of FPGAs III. Use of FPGAs in European space programs III.1 Main FPGA vendors used in European space applications III.2 ATMEL : upcoming space FPGA major player III.3 Other upcoming space FPGA parts IV. FPGAs developments & Space product assurance IV.1 Standards IV.2 Quality assurance V. Conclusion

17. First Workshop on the FPGA in Nuclear Power Plants 17 1 - Standards ECSS-Q60-02: ASIC and FPGA development (17 July 2007) ECSS: European Cooperation for Space Standardization Standardize design methods: Design, verification, reviews, documentation, prototype validation and post-programming screening to allow quality control Enforce an ASIC-like design methodology for FPGA developments. ECSS-Q40: Space Engineering: Software ECSS-Q80: Space Product Assurance: Software Product Assurance ESA VHDL Modelling Guidelines - ASIC/001 Issue 1 (September 1994)

18. First Workshop on the FPGA in Nuclear Power Plants 18 2 - Quality assurance Determine the criticality of the Complex Electronics Device: High Moderate Low Create the Complex Electronics Assurance Plan Pb: It is difficult to ensure proper test coverage, so we do: Functional tests (e.g. we validate that the IP realize the function we want) Electrical tests with appropriate tests vectors: we must have the same behavior in simulation and on target device

19. First Workshop on the FPGA in Nuclear Power Plants 19 Plan of the presentation I. Space environment constraints I.1 Radiative constraints I.2 Effects on the components II. FPGAs vs ASICs II.1 Qualitative comparison II.2 FPGAs and their interest for space applications II.3 Keys aspects of FPGAs III. Use of FPGAs in European space programs III.1 Main FPGA vendors used in European space applications III.2 ATMEL : upcoming space FPGA major player III.3 Other upcoming space FPGA parts IV. FPGAs developments & Space product assurance IV.1 Standards IV.2 Quality assurance V. Conclusion

20. First Workshop on the FPGA in Nuclear Power Plants 20 FPGA brings more flexibility to design, DSM technologies will offer higher densities: > 1-2Mgates complexities Interesting evolution of performance, Integration of many functions, hard IP block, µP core… ITAR is a major problem for satellites in co-developments with China, India, Japan… ? ITAR-Free parts are needed! Re-programmable FPGAs ? capability to be reconfigured in orbit, allowing to increase the in orbit longevity of telecom satellites Normative system evolution ? new VHDL Modelling Guidelines

21. First Workshop on the FPGA in Nuclear Power Plants 21 FPGAs for Space Applications, Status and Way Forward, ESA, Industrial Policy Committee (IPC46), 11 June 2008 Space environment courses, CNES, Robert Ecoffet ECSS-Q60-02: ASIC and FPGA development (17 July 2007)