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Survey of Aquatic Invertebrates

Survey of Aquatic Invertebrates. Lifestyles of the Spineless and Gilled. Phylum Porifera the Sponges. Asymmetrical Sessile - attached to submerged rocks, sticks, logs, or aquatic vegetation Vary from marble-sized to elongated masses and can grow to be thin or thick encrusting layers.

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Survey of Aquatic Invertebrates

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  1. Survey of Aquatic Invertebrates Lifestyles of the Spineless and Gilled

  2. Phylum Porifera the Sponges Asymmetrical Sessile - attached to submerged rocks, sticks, logs, or aquatic vegetation Vary from marble-sized to elongated masses and can grow to be thin or thick encrusting layers. Their structure is supported by spicules, tiny needle-like structures made of silicon that are distributed throughout the sponge body. Sensitive indicators of pollution. Filter feeders Little is known about them!                                                                        <>

  3. Phylum Cnidaria, Class Hydrozoathe Hydra Radial Symmetry Carnivorous, kill with nematocysts (stinging cells) Somewhat sensitive to pollution May reproduce sexually or asexually

  4. Phylum Platyhelminthesthe Flatworms Bilateral Symmetry Have 3 layers lack coelom, anus, circulatory and respiratory systems Very tolerant of pollution

  5. Phylum Annelidathe Segmented Roundworms have external segments that correspond with repeated digestive and reproductive organs. include leeches, aquatic earthworms, tubifex worms and bristle worms Very tolerant of pollution Hermaphroditic; reproduce sexually by means of exchange of gametes

  6. Phylum Mollusca Bilateral Symmetry Specialized Foot Mantle Radula 2 Aquatic Classes Pelecypoda (Bivalvia – clams, mussels) Gastropoda (snails)

  7. Freshwater Bivalves

  8. Freshwater Bivalves – Life History Freshwater mussels feed by filtering algae and small particles from the water. Most are somewhat sensitive to pollution. Most species have a larval stage that is parasitic on fish. Larvae are released by the female mussel and must locate a certain fish species or die. They usually attach to the host fish's gills or fins where they remain for a few weeks or months. Larval mussels rarely harm infected fish under natural conditions. If essential fish species are removed from the habitat, mussels will not be able to reproduce.

  9. Freshwater Bivalves – their life cycle illustrated

  10. Bivalves can tell us alot about history! http://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/jbwhite/musselmania/flash.html

  11. Class Gastropoda – the Snails May be carnivorous or herbivorous. Hermaphroditic Most are highly tolerant of pollution. May or may not possess an operculum, or “lid” that it can close its shell with. When looking at the shell’s opening with the narrow end up, the opening may be on the right of the spiral (dextral) or to the left (sinistral)

  12. Class Gastropoda – the Snails • Planorbid Snails – coiled flat, no operculum • Lymnaeid Snails – dextral, no operculum • Physid Snails – sinistral, no operculum

  13. Bithynid Snail Dextral stiff operculum, with well-centered concentric rings

  14. Viviparid Snail Dextral – flexible operculum, with off-center concentric rings.

  15. Hydrobiid Snail Dextral – has flexible operculum with multispiral rings

  16. Pleurocerid Snail Dextral – very flexible operculum that recedes deep into shell, paucispiral rings

  17. Planorbid Snail Coiled flat, no operculum

  18. Lymnaeid Snail Dextral, no operculum

  19. Physid Snails sinistral, no operculum

  20. Phylum Arthropoda Bilateral Symmetry Jointed Appendages Exoskeleton of chitin Most important aquatic groups – ArachnidaCrustaceaInsecta (very tolerant) (somewhat tolerant) (variable tolerance) Water Mites Scuds Water Bugs (tolerant) Water Spiders Isopods Water Beetles (sensitive) Seed Shrimp Odonate nymphs (varies) Grass Shrimp Plecoptera nymphs Crayfish (extremely sensitive) Ephemeroptera nymphs (extremely sensitive) Megaloptera nymphs (sensitive) Diptera larvae (very tolerant)

  21. Phylum Chordata Bilateral symmetry Possess notochord, chambered heart, closed circulatory system Includes vertebrates. Some “quasi-vertebrate” examples: Lampreys Tadpoles

  22. Lampreys No paired fins, no jaws. Gill slits, cartilage skeleton Our native Southern Brook Lamprey (Ichthyomyzon gagei, pictured) has a larval stage that is a detritivore; adults are ephemeral, do not eat.

  23. Tadpoles Bufo valliceps Gulf Coast Toad Rana sphenocephala Southern Leopard Frog Rana catesbiana Bullfrog All larval amphibians are very primitive in that they lack jaws, paired fins. All are Detritivore until they get hind legs, and jaws, then become predaceous. Rana clamitans Bronze Frog

  24. http://www.bgsd.k12.wa.us/hml/jr_cam/macros/amc/index.html http://www.ncsu.edu/sciencejunction/depot/experiments/water/tutorial/tutorialmacro.html http://rock.geo.csuohio.edu/norp/bmi.htm http://www.cod.edu/people/faculty/chenpe/RiverWatch/MBI_calculator.html

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