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ADP, ATP and Cellular Respiration

ADP, ATP and Cellular Respiration. What Is ATP?. Energy used by all Cells. Adenosine Triphosphate. Organic molecule containing high-energy Phosphate bonds. Chemical Structure of ATP. Adenine Base. 3 Phosphates. Ribose Sugar. What Does ATP Do for You?. It supplies YOU with ENERGY!.

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ADP, ATP and Cellular Respiration

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  1. ADP, ATP and Cellular Respiration

  2. What Is ATP? Energy used by all Cells Adenosine Triphosphate Organic molecule containing high-energy Phosphate bonds

  3. Chemical Structure of ATP Adenine Base 3 Phosphates Ribose Sugar

  4. What Does ATP Do for You? It supplies YOU withENERGY!

  5. How Do We Get Energy From ATP? By breaking the high- energy bonds between the last two phosphates in ATP Done by a process called HYDROLYSIS (Adding H2O)

  6. ATP Can be Re-Made? When ATP is used it becomes ADP (diphosphate (2 phosphates) ATP can be remade by using an enzyme to reattach a Phosphate, priming it for energy release once more Called ATP Synthetase

  7. When is ATP Made in the Body? During a Process called Cellular Respiration that takes place in both Plants & Animals

  8. Overall Equation for Cellular Respiration C6H12O6 + 6O2 YIELDS 6CO2 + 6H20 + 36-38ATP’s

  9. Where Does Cellular Respiration Take Place? • It actually takes place in two parts of the cell: Glycolysis occurs in the Cytoplasm Krebs Cycle & ETC Takeplace in the Mitochondria

  10. Cellular Respiration Facts • 2 Pathways (aerobic / anaerobic) • Metabolic Pathway that breaks down carbohydrates • High-energy Glucose is broken into CO2 and H2O • Breakdown of one glucose can result in 36 to 38 ATP molecules

  11. What are the Stages of Cellular Respiration? IF LITTLE OXYGEN IS AVALIABLE IN CELL: • Glycolysis (anaerobic) • The Krebs Cycle (anaerobic) (INEFFICIENT ATP PRODUCTION 2-4 ATP) IF OXYGEN IS AVALIABLE IN CELL: • The Electron Transport Chain (aerobic) (MORE EFFICIENT ATP PRODUCTION 34 ATP)

  12. Glycolysis Summary • Takes place in the Cytoplasm (anaerobic) • Requires input of 2 ATP to split glucose in Pyruvate • (Also produces 2 NADH and 4 ATP) • If someOxygen is available Pyruvate goes into Krebs cycle • If No Oxygen is available Pyruvate is fermented

  13. Glycolysis Diagram

  14. Fermentation • Occurs when O2 NOT present (anaerobic) • Called Lactic Acid fermentation in muscle cells (makes muscles tired) • Nets only 2 ATP Also Creates Lactic Acid

  15. Krebs Cycle Summary • Requires Oxygen (Aerobic) • series of oxidation reactions that give off CO2 and produce one ATP per cycle • Two cycles per glucose molecule (Each glucose molecule yields two ATP) • Takes place in matrix of mitochondria

  16. Krebs Cycle ATP NETS: 3NADH, 1ATP, 1FADH2, & 2CO2

  17. Electron Transport Chain Summary • 34 ATP Produced • H2O Produced • Occurs Across Inner Mitochondrial membrane • Far more efficient than Krebs cycle or Fermentation

  18. Efficient ATP production Electron transport chain Inefficient ATP production Fermentation Glycolosis ATP PRODUCTION REQUIRED TO POWER CELL Shortage of O2 O2 abundant Krebs cycle

  19. ATP PRODUCTION REQUIRED TO POWER CELL Shortage of O2 O2 abundant Glycolosis Electron transport chain Krebs cycle Fermentation Efficient ATP production Inefficient ATP production

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