cPanel: Brief Glossary

1. cPanel Brief Glossary

2. Table of Contents • Daemon • Dangling Symlink • Data Center • Dedistribution • Default Address (cPanel Account Default Address) • Deprecated • Dictionary Attack • Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA) • Directory Harvest Attack (DHA) • Disk Space Quota • Distributed cPanel Account • DNS Zone • dnsadmin • Document root • Domain Control Validation • Domain Name • Domain Forwarding (Redirect) • Domain Name System (DNS) • Domain-Validated (DV) Certificate • DomainKeys Identified Mail (DKIM) • Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting, and Conformance (DMARC) • Dovecot • DNSOnly® • Dynamic DNS (DDNS) Domain

3. Daemon • It refers to a computer program. This computer program runs as a background process that cannot be viewed or controlled directly by the user.

4. Dangling Symlink • It is a symbolic link. It refers to a pathname which doesn’t exist.

5. Data Center • It indicates that facility where servers are kept. It is generally a safe place to keep a server. It usually includes backup power supplies, multiple communication connections and environmental controls. • Web servers are provided by web hosting companies. These companies are often referred to as the “Best Windows Hosting Company” or as “Cloud Hosting Company in India” or even as “Website Hosting Companies in India”.

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7. Dedistribution • It refers to the process that involves moving partial or entire functionality of a distributed cPanel account back to the parent node from a child node.

8. Default Address (cPanel Account Default Address) • It is that email address to which cPanel & WHM routes emails related to those email accounts that don’t exist or those of invalid recipients on the user’s cPanel account. This default address can be checked by following the path, cPanel -> Home -> Email -> Manage Email Accounts.

9. Deprecated • It is a term used by cPanel, L.L.C. to describe those features that are no longer supported or would be removed in an upcoming release.

10. Dictionary Attack • It is referred to that method which involves a malicious user’s attempt at guessing a password with the aid of words from a dictionary. It is similar to a brute force attack. This type of an attack can be thwarted by enabling the “Dictionary Attack Protection” setting in the “Exim Configuration Manager” interface in WHM by following the path, WHM -> Home -> Service Configuration -> Exim Configuration Manager.

11. Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA) • It is a method that is used to generate public and private keys which are used for signing of data.

12. Directory Harvest Attack (DHA) • It refers to a brute force attack technique. It involves spammers trying to find valid email addresses on a server. This is achieved through guesswork as well as by the aid of various common addresses’ permutations. • WHM has cPHulk, which is a protective measure that enables the user to lock out brute force attackers, on reaching a specified number of failed attempts.

13. Disk Space Quota • It refers to the limit imposed by hosting providers on the amount of disk space that can be used by an account. The usage data of website owners can be traced in cPanel’s “Disk Usage” interface by following the path, cPanel -> Home -> Files -> Disk Usage • Users’ disk space quotas are managed by server administrators in the “Quota Modification” interface in WHM. The path for it is, WHM -> Home -> Account Functions -> Quota Modification.

14. Distributed cPanel Account • It is a cPanel account that has its existence on two or more linked nodes. • To digress, web hosting companies provide web servers and the necessary services and technologies that make a website accessible. The “Best Windows Hosting Company” or “Cloud Hosting Company in India” or “Website Hosting Companies in India” are certain terms that are used to refer to web hosting companies.

15. DNS Zone • It refers to the administrative part of the DNS (Domain Name System). The Internet traffic is directed to the correct location because of it. DNS zones can be added to the server in the “Add a DNS Zone” interface in WHM. The path is, WHM -> Home -> DNS Functions -> Add a DNS Zone.

16. DNSAdmin • It is that program which manages DNS clustering and DNS services. It is used by DNS clusters. Custom dnsadmin plugins can be created by third-party integrators.

17. Document Root • It refers to the directory in which a domain’s publicly-available files are maintained. A user’s primary domain’s document root defaults usually to the public_html directory. Any addon domain’s or subdomain’s document root directories depend on the user’s server’s settings.

18. Domain Control Validation • Domain Control Validation (DCV) is used prior to the issuance of a certificate, to verify that a specific domain is owned by the certificate requester. Any one of the three following DCV methods can be used to verify such an ownership: • Email- Validation email is sent to the administrative contact for the domain. • DNS- Special CNAME record is checked for the domain in DNS. • HTTP- Hashed text file is checked on the website of the requester.

19. Domain Name • It is the name given by a site owner to a website. It appears in the URL of the website and in email addresses. Domains can be added and managed in the “Domains” interface in cPanel. The path is, cPanel -> Home -> Domains -> Domains.

20. Domain Forwarding (Redirect) • It is that technique that allows a user or even his clients to direct automatically the visitors to a particular domain when another domain is accessed by them. Domain forwarding can be set up and managed through the “Setup/Edit Domain Forwarding” interface in WHM. Its path is, WHM -> Home -> DNS Functions -> Setup/Edit Domain Forwarding.

21. Domain Name System (DNS) • It refers to that component of the Internet which enables the conversion of domain names that can be read by humans into IP addresses that can be comprehended by the computer. • To digress, the reference of the Internet reminds us of the numerous websites that are browsed daily. These websites’ files are stored on the web servers of web hosting companies. The “Best Windows Hosting Company” or “Cloud Hosting Company in India” or “Website Hosting Companies in India” are certain terms that are used frequently to refer to web hosting companies.

22. Domain-Validated (DV) Certificate • It is a digital certificate meant for SSL/TLS verification. The verification regarding the applicant’s control over a specific DNS domain is done by the Certificate Authority (CA) through phone, email or other method. DV certificates can be purchased and installed by following the path, cPanel -> Home -> Security -> SSL/TLS Wizard.

23. Domain Keys Identified Mail (DKIM) • It refers to an email authentication method. It is used to verify that a message was actually sent from the same domain that it seems to have come from. It can be enabled in WHM’s “Enable DKIM/SPF Globally” interface by clicking on WHM -> Home -> DNS Functions -> Enable DKIM/SPF Globally.

24. Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting, and Conformance (DMARC) • DMARC (Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting & Conformance) refers to a technical specification that aids in the reduction of email-based abuse’s potential. A DMARC policy makes use of DNS, in order to confirm that an email has used a valid DKIM as well as SPF record. It also ascertains that the From: header matches those records. It is a requirement of many major email networks that a user uses DMARC policy to ensure protection against spam email. •  DMARC records can be created and managed in the “Zone Editor” interface in cPanel, by clicking on cPanel -> Home -> Domains -> Zone Editor.

25. Dovecot • It is a mail server software, which is open-source and ensures optimal security. It can be configured in WHM’s “Mailserver Configuration” interface by clicking on, WHM -> Home -> Service Configuration -> Mailserver Configuration.

26. DNSOnly® • It is that version of cPanel & WHM which enables a user to run a dedicated physical nameserver. This version is extremely minimal. It replicates DNS zones to the user’s other servers.

27. Dynamic DNS (DDNS) Domain • It is a type of domain. It simplifies access to a network which is using a dynamic IP address.

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