HPIRR 100

1. Heduna Peer International Research and Reviews Register Under Central Govt. of India- An ISO 9001:2015 Certified Journal USA Distributor LULU & Europe Distributor XINXII REG NO: TN-12-0077389 - ISO: QMS/092020/16358 “ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE EVOLUTION AND INNOVATIONS IN AGRICULTURE SECTOR” Dr.J.Nimala, Assistant Professor, Department of B.Com (Business Analytics), Sree Saraswathi Thyagaraja College, Thippampatti, Pollachi. Abstract: The application of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning in agriculture is growing as a means of boosting productivity, raising crop yields, and cutting costs associated with food production. Using in-ground sensors and drones to optimize crop yields, farmers can monitor real- time video feeds of their crop fields, detect breaches caused by animals or humans, and identify these threats with the aid of AI and machine learning. These technologies can also monitor livestock health, anticipate pest infestations, and optimize irrigation systems, all of which contribute to the productivity and well-being of livestock. The agricultural industry is undergoing a revolution thanks to artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning, which are giving farmers and agricultural enterprises new tools and insights to enhance operations, cut expenses, and boost productivity. Key Words Artificial intelligence, Sustainable Agriculture, Automation, Cost reduction and Productivity. INTRODUCION: Artificial intelligence (AI) is the theory and development of computer systems capable of performing tasks that historically required human intelligence, such as recognizing speech, making decisions, and identifying patterns. Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to computer systems capable of performing complex tasks that historically only a human could do, such as reasoning, making decisions, or solving problems. Today, the term “AI” describes a wide range of technologies that power many of the services and goods we use every day. Some of the most common examples of AI in use today include:

2. Heduna Peer International Research and Reviews Register Under Central Govt. of India- An ISO 9001:2015 Certified Journal USA Distributor LULU & Europe Distributor XINXII REG NO: TN-12-0077389 - ISO: QMS/092020/16358 ChatGPT: Uses large language models (LLMs) to generate text in response to questions or comments posed to it. • • another. Google Translate: Uses deep learning algorithms to translate text from one language to • for users based on their previous viewing history. Netflix: Uses machine learning algorithms to create personalized recommendation engines • Tesla: Uses computer vision to power self-driving features on their cars. Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the agriculture sector Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been increasingly implemented in the agriculture sector to enhance productivity, efficiency, and sustainability. The following are the recent applications of AI in agriculture Precision Agriculture: AI helps in collecting, analysing, and interpreting data from various sources such as satellite imagery, sensors, and weather forecasts to provide precise information about soil health, crop growth, and yield prediction. This enables farmers to make data-driven decisions for crop management, irrigation, and fertilization. Automation: AI powers autonomous farming equipment like drones, robots, and self-driving tractors. These machines can perform tasks such as planting, harvesting, and monitoring crops, reducing the need for manual labour and increasing efficiency. AI-powered Software: There are AI-powered software and tools that help farmers monitor crop health, predict diseases, and suggest preventive measures. These tools can also help in managing farm finances, market analysis, and supply chain optimization. Indoor Farming: AI is used in indoor farming or vertical farming where crops are grown in stacked layers in a controlled environment. AI helps in managing the climate, lighting, and nutrient supply for optimal crop growth. Waste Reduction: AI can help in reducing food waste by predicting the demand and supply of agricultural products, thereby helping in better planning and management of the supply chain. Sustainable Agriculture: AI can assist in making farming more sustainable by optimizing the use of resources like water, energy, and fertilizers. It can also help in developing crop varieties that are more resilient to climate change. AI and Farmers:

3. Heduna Peer International Research and Reviews Register Under Central Govt. of India- An ISO 9001:2015 Certified Journal USA Distributor LULU & Europe Distributor XINXII REG NO: TN-12-0077389 - ISO: QMS/092020/16358 AI can help farmers increase their accuracy and productivity in several ways. For instance, AI- powered crop and soil monitoring can provide farmers with real-time data on soil moisture, nutrient levels, and crop health, which can help them make informed decisions about irrigation, fertilization, and pesticide application. This can lead to more precise and efficient use of resources, reducing waste and increasing yields. AI-powered automation can also help farmers with tasks such as planting, weeding, and harvesting. For example, autonomous tractors and drones can perform tasks with high precision, reducing human error and increasing efficiency. Additionally, AI-powered robotic harvesters can pick crops with greater accuracy and speed than human workers, reducing the risk of damage and waste. Another way AI helps farmers is by providing them with predictive analytics for weather and disease forecasting. By analyzing historical and real-time weather and disease data, AI algorithms can predict the likelihood of crop diseases, pest outbreaks, and extreme weather events. This allows farmers to take preventative measures to protect their crops, reducing the risk of crop failure and increasing yields. Furthermore, AI-powered market analysis can help farmers determine optimal times for sowing and harvesting based on market demand and pricing trends. By analyzing historical and real-time market data, AI algorithms can provide farmers with accurate demand forecasts, enabling them to make informed decisions about when to plant and harvest their crops. Overall, AI has the potential to revolutionize the agriculture industry by providing farmers with accurate and real-time data, automating labor-intensive tasks, and enabling more informed decision-making. However, it is important to note that AI relies on the quality and accuracy of data, wireless connectivity, which can be limited in rural areas, and initial implementation costs may also pose a challenge for small-scale farmers with limited resources. Additionally, AI cannot fully replace the creative thinking and intuition that farmers bring to their work. By striking a balance between leveraging AI's capabilities and recognizing the value of human expertise, farmers can embrace AI as a powerful tool, ensuring a more sustainable and prosperous future for agriculture. The Indian government's AI schemes aim to promote the use of AI technologies in agriculture, improve productivity and sustainability, and reduce waste and resource use. By striking a balance between leveraging AI's capabilities and recognizing the value of human expertise, farmers can embrace AI as a powerful tool, ensuring a more sustainable and prosperous future for agriculture.the Indian government has also introduced various AI schemes in agriculture to

4. Heduna Peer International Research and Reviews Register Under Central Govt. of India- An ISO 9001:2015 Certified Journal USA Distributor LULU & Europe Distributor XINXII REG NO: TN-12-0077389 - ISO: QMS/092020/16358 promote the use of AI technologies and increase productivity and sustainability. Here are some examples: National e-Governance Plan: The Indian government has launched the National e-Governance Plan to digitize and automate various government services, including agriculture. The plan includes the use of AI-powered decision support systems, crop monitoring, and yield estimation tools to improve agricultural productivity and reduce crop losses. SmartFarm: The Indian government has launched the SmartFarm initiative to promote the use of AI and IoT technologies in agriculture. The initiative includes the development of precision agriculture tools, smart irrigation systems, and automated crop monitoring systems to improve crop yields and reduce resource use. AI-based Crop Insurance: The Indian government has introduced an AI-based crop insurance scheme to provide farmers with insurance coverage for crop losses due to natural disasters. The scheme uses AI-powered satellite imagery and weather data to estimate crop yields and calculate insurance payouts. AI-powered Market Analysis: The Indian government has launched an AI-powered market analysis tool to provide farmers with real-time market data and price forecasts. The tool uses AI- powered algorithms to analyze market trends and provide farmers with accurate demand forecasts, enabling them to make informed decisions about when to plant and harvest their crops. AI-powered Disease Detection: The Indian government has introduced an AI-powered disease detection tool to detect crop diseases and pests. The tool uses AI-powered image recognition algorithms to analyze images of crops and identify signs of disease or pest infestations. The Indian government has been actively promoting AI awareness in agriculture among farmers. They have introduced various AI-powered tools and technologies to help farmers increase their productivity and sustainability. For instance, the government has launched the SmartFarm initiative, which promotes the use of AI and IoT technologies in agriculture. The initiative includes the development of precision agriculture tools, smart irrigation systems, and automated crop monitoring systems to improve crop yields and reduce resource use. AI Awareness among Farmers: In addition, the Indian government has also introduced AI-powered market analysis tools to provide farmers with real-time market data and price forecasts. The tool uses AI-powered algorithms to analyze market trends and provide farmers with accurate demand forecasts, enabling them to make informed decisions about when to plant and harvest their crops.

5. Heduna Peer International Research and Reviews Register Under Central Govt. of India- An ISO 9001:2015 Certified Journal USA Distributor LULU & Europe Distributor XINXII REG NO: TN-12-0077389 - ISO: QMS/092020/16358 Moreover, the government has launched an AI-based crop insurance scheme to provide farmers with insurance coverage for crop losses due to natural disasters. The scheme uses AI-powered satellite imagery and weather data to estimate crop yields and calculate insurance payouts. The Indian government has also introduced AI-powered disease detection tools to detect crop diseases and pests. The tool uses AI-powered image recognition algorithms to analyze images of crops and identify signs of disease or pest infestations. Overall, the Indian government's AI awareness campaigns aim to promote the use of AI technologies in agriculture, improve productivity and sustainability, and reduce waste and resource use. CONCLUSION: AI has a significant role to play in the future of agriculture, promising to transform the way we grow and distribute food, making it more efficient, sustainable, and resilient. However, it is important to note that AI relies on the quality and accuracy of data, wireless connectivity, which can be limited in rural areas, and initial implementation costs may also pose a challenge for small- scale farmers with limited resources. Additionally, AI cannot fully replace the creative thinking and intuition that farmers bring to their work. The government is working closely with farmers, academic institutions, and local communities to ensure the successful adoption of AI technologies in agriculture. REFERENCES Website: 1. prosperous-india/ https://www.pmindia.gov.in/en/government_tr_rec/empowering-farmers-for-a- 2. https://intellias.com/artificial-intelligence-in-agriculture/ 3. is-ploughing-farming-revolution-2024-01-15/ https://www.reuters.com/sustainability/land-use-biodiversity/theres-an-app-that-how-ai- 4. https://www.agritechtomorrow.com/tag/ai 5. https://www.agritechtomorrow.com/tag/ai Journals:

6. Heduna Peer International Research and Reviews Register Under Central Govt. of India- An ISO 9001:2015 Certified Journal USA Distributor LULU & Europe Distributor XINXII REG NO: TN-12-0077389 - ISO: QMS/092020/16358 Implementation of artificial intelligence in agriculture for optimisation of irrigation and application of pesticides and herbicides, Tanha Talaviya, Dhara Shahand etal, Volume 4, 2020, Pages 58-73, Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture. Emerging technologies from drones to digitalization have the potential to transform farming productivity, reduce environmental impact and boost farmers’ incomes, World Economic Forum,by Artificial Intelligence for Agriculture Innovation COMMUNITY PAPER MARCH 2021 AI for agriculture: How Indian farmers are harvesting innovation, by World Economic Forum, Published Jan 11, 2024 • Updated Jan 12, 2024.