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WIDE-SPREAD POLLUTION IN THE UPPER TROPOSPHERE OVER SOUTH ASIA

WIDE-SPREAD POLLUTION IN THE UPPER TROPOSPHERE OVER SOUTH ASIA. 300 hPa MOPITT CO. 150 hPa MLS, GEOS-Chem CO. Jun. 2000. Sept. Aug.-Sept. 2004. Jul. Oct. Aug. Nov. Kar et al. [2004].

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WIDE-SPREAD POLLUTION IN THE UPPER TROPOSPHERE OVER SOUTH ASIA

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  1. WIDE-SPREAD POLLUTION IN THE UPPER TROPOSPHERE OVER SOUTH ASIA 300 hPa MOPITT CO 150 hPa MLS, GEOS-Chem CO Jun. 2000 Sept. Aug.-Sept. 2004 Jul. Oct. Aug. Nov. Kar et al. [2004] South Asia in summer influenced by the Asian Summer Monsoon (ASM). Convection associated with the ASM and orographic lifting transport boundary layer pollution to the upper troposphere. Li et al. [2005]

  2. LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT FROM SOUTH ASIA: MIDDLE EAST OZONE MAXIMUM IN SUMMER GEOS-Chem Tropospheric Ozone Middle East ozone maximum in the middle to upper troposphere, resulting from complex interplay of dynamical and chemical factors, and of anthropogenic and natural influences. An important test of our understanding of tropospheric chemistry. An anthropogenic origin for this maximum would have important implications for radiative forcing of climate. Li et al. [2001] SAGE II Tropospheric Ozone (~7 km) July October Kar et al. [2002]

  3. LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT FROM SOUTH ASIA: GLOBAL AIR POLLUTION CROSSROADS OVER THE MEDITERRANEAN Schematic air mass trajectories Simulated CO time-height cross sections Fractional contributions East Europe Boundary layer West Europe Middle troposphere North America Asia Upper troposphere Lelieveld et al. [2002]

  4. LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT OF SOUTH ASIA POLLUTION TO TROPICAL ATLANTIC (‘POLLUTION TRAIN’) February-March Adding another factor to the ‘Ozone Paradox’ Pathway of South Asian pollution ozone TTO (Tropical Tropospheric Ozone) Chatfield et al. [2003]

  5. Global pollution transport: South Asia • Science questions: • Ozone chemistry in the upper troposphere - lightning vs. anthropogenic influence. • [e.g., Li et al., 2001] • Transport of SA pollution into the upper troposphere - potential effect of aerosols on high (cirrus) clouds [e.g., Li et al., 2005; Randel and Park, 2006]. • STE - transport of pollution, CO2 and water vapor into the lower stratosphere [e.g., Gettelman et al. 2004; Fu et al., 2006] • Long-range transport of South Asia pollution particularly carbonaceous aerosols to the northern highlatitudes [e.g., Hensen, 2004] • Satellite observations: • MLS (CO, ozone, HNO3, HCN/CH3CN, IWC, water vapor) • TES (CO, ozone, HNO3) • OMI (ozone, NO2, CH2O columns) • OCO (CO2) • Clipso (aerosol properties including height…) • CloudSat (cloud properties, IWC…) • AIRS (water vapor, ozone, CO, CO2)

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