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Needs Assessment

Needs Assessment. Program Evaluation Types. Evaluation of Need Evaluation of Process Evaluation of Outcome Evaluation of Efficiency. Programs for Class Discussion. Sexual assault companions Mediation center in New River Valley After school academic and activity center. What is a Need?.

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Needs Assessment

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  1. Needs Assessment

  2. Program Evaluation Types • Evaluation of Need • Evaluation of Process • Evaluation of Outcome • Evaluation of Efficiency

  3. Programs for Class Discussion • Sexual assault companions • Mediation center in New River Valley • After school academic and activity center

  4. What is a Need? • Discrepancy between actual level and • An ideal • A norm • A minimum • A desired state • An expected state • A need is something that people must have to be in a satisfactory state (Scriven & Roth, 1990)

  5. Analysis of NeedFour Key Questions • What are we trying to accomplish? • Why do we think there is a need for our program? • Is there an actual need for our program? • Is our idea for a program practical?

  6. Analysis of NeedWhat are We Trying to Accomplish? • Do we have a particular need in mind or are we trolling for unmet needs in general? • Is the dog wagging the tail or is the tail wagging the dog? • What is the real goal? • To help others? • To help our agency survive? • To justify our job?

  7. Analysis of NeedWhy Do We Think There is a Need? • Normative Need • Felt Need • Expressed Need • Comparative Need

  8. Analysis of NeedIs There an Actual Need for our Program? • Is there actually a problem or unmet need? • Are there existing programs trying to solve the problem? • Are their enough potential clients to justify a program?

  9. Analysis of NeedIs the Program Practical? • Will people participate in the program? • Are the barriers insurmountable? • Do we have the expertise? • Do we have the funding?

  10. Resource Analysis • Funding • How much • Staff • Number • Skills • Availability • Physical resources • Office space • Phones • Computers • Vehicles

  11. Identifying Potential Stakeholders • Funding sources • Administrators • Staff • Community groups • Politicians • Businesses • Unions • Current, past, and future clients

  12. Needs Assessment Methods • Existing data • Archival research • Surveys • Interviews • Individual • Focus groups • Nominal groups • Delphi technique

  13. Police Suicide Example

  14. Our Basic Research Question • Do law enforcement personnel have higher suicide rates than the general public? • If so, • is it something about the people who go into law enforcement (e.g., demographics, personality)? • is it something about the job (e.g., stress, availability of guns, alienation)? • is it an interaction between the two?

  15. Our Goals • Establish law enforcement suicide rate • look at published research • look at media accounts • collect new data • Compare to national norms • general population • control for age, sex, race • Establish a profile of officers who commit suicide

  16. Suicide Rates • Determining Rates • Department record approach • Death certificate approach • “Hmm, let me think” approach • Calculating Rates • Rate per 100,000 • Proportionate Mortality Ratios (PMR)

  17. At first glance, police have a high suicide rate • FOP Study (1995) • 12 per 100,000 in general population • 22 per 100,000 in law enforcement population • Newspaper Articles • 300 police suicides per year • police rate twice that of general public

  18. At second glance…Determining the Police Suicide Rate • FOP study • USA Today article • Review of published literature • obtained number of sworn personnel • computed suicide rates • Collection of new data from the Roanoke and New River Valleys • Review of newspaper articles

  19. Our best estimate of the law enforcement rate is …. 18.1 • Five sources • 22.0 FOP study • 16.3 USA Today • 37.1 Media sources • 18.6 Published research • 10.0 Roanoke Valley • Studies weighted by • size of department • number of years over which data were collected

  20. Overall 11.7 Sex male 19.3 female 4.4 Race white 12.7 black 6.5 Race by sex WM 20.9 WF 4.8 BM 11.4 BF 2.0 Age 25-54 WM 25.6 WF 6.3 BM 13.5 BF 2.9 Comparison to population is a bit more tricky (1996)

  21. The PMR Comparison! • Proportionate morality ratios • General population 152 • White, males 25-54 73 • Law enforcement rates are not higher when compared to the proper control group

  22. Expected Law Enforcement Suicide Rate for Ages 25-54 suicide % in law rate enforcement WM 25.6 72.1 18.46 WF 6.3 8.9 0.56 BM 13.5 16.9 2.28 BF 2.9 2.1 0.61 TOTAL21.89 PMR (18.1/21.89) 82.69

  23. Summary • The police suicide rate of 18.1 is higher than the rate found in the general population • This higher rate can be completely accounted for by sex, race, and age • After accounting for these demographics, the police suicide rate is lower than that of the comparable general population • Police-specific interventions will probably not yield significant decreases in police suicide

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