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Needs Assessment

Needs Assessment. Process by which the program planner identifies and measures gaps between what is and what ought to be. Needs Assessment. Should also include the communities assets assessment. Needs Assessment. Define the community Define the target audience

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Needs Assessment

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  1. Needs Assessment • Process by which the program planner identifies and measures gaps between what is and what ought to be.

  2. Needs Assessment • Should also include the communities assets assessment.

  3. Needs Assessment • Define the community • Define the target audience • Understand the community around the target audience • Demographic data of both

  4. Needs Assessment • Perceived nutrition and health needs of the community & target audience

  5. Needs Assessment • Health status of the community & target audience • Nutrition status of the community & target audience

  6. Needs Assessment • Resources available in the community & target audience • Assets of the community & target audience

  7. Epidemiology • The study of the occurrence and determinants of health events among people.

  8. Epidemiology • Behavioral epidemiology • assesses what people do and what they avoid

  9. Epidemiology • Nutritional epidemiology • eating behavior and how that behavior influences health status, disease morbidity and mortality

  10. Primary Data • Collect the data your self • Qualitative • Quantitative • Use variety of methods

  11. Secondary Data • Collected by someone else • Compiled • aggregated, summarized • Uncompiled • not aggregated

  12. Define the Community • Workbook pp. 3-5 • Community and target audience separate • Geographic boundaries • Cultural boundaries

  13. Define the Community • Demographic data • Workbook pp. 16-23 • target audience • community • Media survey • Workbook pp. 6-7

  14. Health Status • Define specific enough so know how to develop the program

  15. Health Problem • Condition-specific dimensions • How does it occur in the target audience? • Are any aspects of the health problem unique to the target audience?

  16. Health Problem • Condition-specific dimensions • Will rate of problem change if addressed via education? • Will rate of problem change if change policy?

  17. Health Problem • Condition-specific dimensions • Will rate of problem change if change policy? • How will people’s behavior have to change to reduce problem?

  18. Health Problem • Condition-specific dimensions • Incidence rate: number of new cases of disease per time period

  19. Health Problem • Condition-specific dimensions • Prevalence rate: number of existing cases of a disease at one time

  20. Health Problem • People-specific dimensions • What is the health problem the target audience is most worried about? • Rate of health problem in that group?

  21. Health Problem • People-specific dimensions • How do people behave that have the problem? • How do people behave that do not have the problem?

  22. Health Problem • Gathering the information • Workbook pp. 24-27 • Other WEB sites • Leading causes of death and disability

  23. Health Problem • Gathering the information • Compare across communities • Compare county or city to state or national level • What else collect?

  24. Nutritional Status • Indicators of nutritional status, measures of food consumption & dietary habits, availability of different foods, food purchasing habits

  25. Nutritional Status • Gathering the information • Workbook pp. 28-42 • What might this include?

  26. Nutrition Monitoring • NHANES III • 1988-94 • CDC, HHS • 2 mo & older • FFQ & one 24-hr food recall • SES

  27. Nutrition Monitoring • NHANES III • biochemical analysis of blood and urine • physical exam • anthropometrics • bp, bone density, health

  28. Nutrition Monitoring • CSFII • 1994-96 • USDA • 1-day & 3-day food records • 24-hr food recall

  29. Nutrition Monitoring • DHKS • 1994-96 • USDA • linked to CSFII • knowledge, attitudes, behavior

  30. Monitoring systems - gather data at frequent intervals and use comparable methods and procedures

  31. Surveillance systems - continuously collect data, use very simple procedures and all use same tools and procedures

  32. BRFSS • Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System • random digit telephone • population based • some nutrition questions

  33. PNSS • Pregnancy Surveillance System • majority is WIC data • program based • trends in prevalence of prenatal and early infancy

  34. PedNSS • Pediatric Nutrition Surveillance System • WIC, EPSDT & Head Start • program based • monitors nutritional status of children in public funded

  35. YRBS • Youth Risk Behavior Survey • monitoring system • asks a few nutrition questions

  36. EPSDT • Early and Periodic Screening, Diagnosis and Treatment

  37. Research Literature • Compiled • NHANES, CSFII, & DHKS analyzed and published • Other studies

  38. County & State Health Dept. • Vital statistics • State results of BRFSS, YRBS • Other program data - WIC, EFNEP, Early Start

  39. Community Resources • Identify other organizations • Human resources • Financial resources • Community strengths

  40. Community Resources • Policies and practices of other organizations • Who can be lead organization? • Availability of other nutrition services

  41. What data to gather?

  42. Possible Steps in Needs Assessment • Create a time line • Call people in the community • Ensure confidentiality • Systemize the data gathering process

  43. Formative Evaluation • Evaluation to assist in shaping the program, brochure, & to aid planning • Needs assessment, planning, pretesting • Quality assurance

  44. Pretesting • Assess comprehension • Assess attention & recall • Id strong & weak points • Gauging sensitive or controversial elements • Test acceptance of messages for cultural appropriateness

  45. Needs Assessment • Questions?

  46. Interpretation of data next

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