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Computer Science Overview

Computer Science Overview. CS 21a. Basic Terminologies. Computer Program and Algorithm Hardware and Software Operating System Programming Language Compiler. Computer. Computer an electronic device that can store, retrieve, and process data through programs Parts of a Computer

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Computer Science Overview

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  1. Computer Science Overview CS 21a

  2. Basic Terminologies • Computer • Program and Algorithm • Hardware and Software • Operating System • Programming Language • Compiler

  3. Computer • Computer • an electronic device that can store, retrieve, and process data through programs • Parts of a Computer • Central Processing Unit (CPU) • Memory • Input/Output Devices

  4. Program and Algorithm • Program • a sequence of instructions for a computer • Algorithm • a sequence of unambiguous instructions designed to perform a given task. • “performing a task” implies that it must terminate and produce output • Program versus Algorithm

  5. Hardware • Definition • the physical components of a computer • Parts of a Computer Revisited • CPU: made up of the Control Unit (CU) and the Arithmetic/Logic Unit (ALU) • Memory: internal data storage • I/O Devices: presents (output) and accepts (input) data to and from the outside world

  6. Software • Definition • the collection of all programs • Examples of Programs • word processor • browser • application programs • compiler • operating system

  7. Operating System • Examples • Windows, DOS, UNIX • Definition • a program that manages the computer’s resources • resources: devices, programs, and files

  8. Languages and Compilers • Programming Language • a set of rules, symbols and special words used to construct a program • Machine Language: a set of binary-coded instructions used directly by the computer • Compiler • a program that translates a “high-level” program into machine language instructions

  9. History of Computers • 5 Generations • 0th: the “difference engine” (Babbage) • 1st: vacuum tube technology (Mark I, ENIAC) • 2nd: transistors (faster, smaller, more reliable) • 3rd: integrated circuits (“ICs”) • 4th: large-scale integration (LSI), VLSI (led to the development of microcomputers)

  10. Computer Science • Not just “programming” • A discipline, a science • Seeks to build a foundation for • computer design • program development • information processing • algorithmic solutions of problems

  11. Fields in Computer Science • Software Engineering • Theory of Computing • Database Systems • Computer Architecture • Operating Systems • Data Communications and Networking • and a lot more ...

  12. Software Engineering • Development of Programs • how to program (CS 21a, CS 21b) • Systems Analysis and Design • disciplined activities that precedes programming (CS 165, MIS 121) • Software Development Phases • engineering concepts apply to developing software (CS 123)

  13. Theory of CS • Data Structures and Algorithms • analyze problems, representations, and algorithmic solutions (CS 110) • Discrete Mathematics • areas where Math and CS meet (CS 101) • Theory of Computation • formal models of computational solvability (CS 130)

  14. Database Systems • Database System • a computerized system that maintains information and makes it available on demand • CS 122 • Data models and database design • Data manipulation languages • Data protection issues: DB integrity, security, concurrency, recovery

  15. Computer Architecture • CS 150/CS 152 - studies the structure, characteristics and operation of modern day computer systems • CPU design, function and operation • Memory organization, I/O architecture • Pipelining • CISC, RISC, super-scalar architectures • Parallel and network architectures

  16. Operating Systems • CS 161/162 - studies the design and implementation of operating systems and the theories and principles used in its development • process models, scheduling, synchronization • virtual memory, caching • I/O device management • file systems and structures

  17. Data Communications and Computer Networks • CS 154 / CS 156 - covers the fundamentals of data communications, computer networking and internetworking • Data communications • Network architectures • Communication protocols • LAN,MAN,WAN concepts and technologies • Internet and TCP/IP

  18. Other Fields • Compiler Design • Artificial Intelligence • Computer-Aided Instruction • Multimedia Systems • Parallel Processing • Management Information Systems (MIS part of CS versus CS part of MIS)

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