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Reforming the UN Security Council: Addressing Veto Power and Global Representation

The ongoing debate regarding the reform of the UN Security Council centers on two primary issues: the veto power held by the five permanent members and the need for equitable regional representation. The veto power, heavily influenced by the US in Middle Eastern matters, leads to inefficiency and confrontation. Possible solutions from the G4 proposal, Uniting for Consensus, and regional representation are discussed. Additionally, nuclear disarmament issues involving Iran and North Korea highlight the complexities faced by the Security Council in addressing global security threats and advancing diplomacy.

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Reforming the UN Security Council: Addressing Veto Power and Global Representation

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  1. 1. Reform of the Security Council SIMUN 2010 Security Council Issues

  2. Why is this an issue? 1. Veto power • Change in world climate, world powers since 1945 • 1989-2004, 19 vetoes used, 13 of which were from US, 11 of which concerning the Middle East, contributes to tension. • Decision making problems involved with the veto, i.e. inefficiency, encouraging confrontation

  3. What are possible solutions? (1) • G4 (India, Germany, Brazil, Japan) proposal • Uniting for Consensus proposal, veto remains as is (i.e. only P5) • Veto is abolished (not feasible because of P5) • Conditions for Veto (i.e. If veto, must have support of 1/3 of non-permanent members etc., no working proposal at the moment for this)

  4. Why is this an issue? 2. Regional distribution and representation • No permanent Asian seat except China, African seat, Latin American seat, no Arab seat • 2/3 of agenda African issues • Regional problem needs a regional solution • Regional representation (ie seats for EU/AU etc.) bypasses issue of national interests

  5. What are possible solutions? (2) • G4 support for regional distribution (two african PM + four non-PM) • UfC support (+10 non-PM, of 20 non-PM, 6 African, 5 Asian, 4 Latin American, 3 Western-European/ Others, 2 Eastern-European) • Debate on regional groupings vs countries • Debate on criteria for selection of representation, ie geographic vs population based vs contribution

  6. 2. Nuclear Disarmament SIMUN 2010 Security Council Issues

  7. Why is this an issue? • Iran continues to declare it's right to nuclear energy, and there is continued concern about energy for non-peaceful purposes. • North Korea has continued pressure on it to return to six-party talks and end its nuclear programme. • START recently expired.

  8. What are possible solutions? • North Korea • Continued financial incentives, as these have proved successful in the past • Trade sanctions, however this may paralyse/ isolate the country further. • Increased pressure from China, as China is a key ally of DPRK

  9. What are possible solutions? • Iran • Young generation volatile, support greater freedoms and approaching the west more. • Increased sanctions, debate on efficacy of such measures, and how to implement • Diplomacy, Obama continues to push for diplomacy however Iran is not cooperating. • Swapping enriched uranium for fuel rods deal could be revisited • Ordering more detailed inspections to give confidence of peaceful purposes to West.

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