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Nuclear Fission

Learn about nuclear fission, including its process, energy release, potential products, applications, chain reactions, and more. Explore the history, use in nuclear bombs, and operation in reactors.

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Nuclear Fission

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  1. Nuclear Fission

  2. Fission • Splitting the Nucleus • Caused by: neutron hitting nucleus • Most cases split in 2 main parts (binary fission) • Releases Energy

  3. Products • Some Possible Products: Ba, Kr, Sr, Cs, I and Xe • Some Possible Reactions: 235U + 1 neutron  → 92Kr + 141Ba + 3 neutrons + ENERGY 235U + 1 neutron →  94Sr + 140Xe + 2 neutrons + ENERGY

  4. Probabilities • Products have certain probabilities • Mass ratio of products generally around 3:2

  5. E=mc2 • Mass of products is 0.1% LESS than mass of reactants E = m c 2 • Each reaction releases around 200 MeV (3.204353×10-11 Joules) Change in mass In kilograms Energy Produced In Joules Speed of Light Squared 90,000,000,000,000,000 meters/second

  6. Chain Reaction • Self-sustaining • Each reaction produces more neutrons • Every neutron doesn’t hit another nucleus • Need a critical mass

  7. Applications • Nuclear Bombs • Uncontrolled chain reaction • Release energy at once • Nuclear Energy • Controlled chain reaction • Release energy slowly

  8. Nuclear Bomb • Two types of fission bombs • First test released same energy as 20,000 tons of TNT • Aug. 6 and 9, 1945 detonated over Hiroshima and Nagasaki killing 200,000 People

  9. Nuclear Power • 20% of U.S. Energy from Nuclear • 10 million times the energy per reaction compared to burning coal • Radioactive Waste

  10. Nuclear Reactor

  11. Operation Mousetrap • Example of chain reaction! • To think about: • How is it similar and different from nuclear fission? • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=noSSDMjcchI

  12. Sources • Slide 2: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Stdef2.png • Slide 3: http://www.atomicarchive.com/Fission/Fission1.shtml • Slide 4: • http://world-nuclear.org/education/phys.htm • Slide 6: • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Fission_chain_reaction.svg • Slide 7: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nagasakibomb.jpg http://insp.pnnl.gov/-reports-pocketbook-czechrep.htm • Slide 8: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Fission_bomb_assembly_methods.svg • Slide 9: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2008_US_electricity_generation_by_source_v2.png • Slide 10: • http://www.cameco.com/uranium_101/uranium_science/nuclear_reactors/

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