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Oratio

Oratory, a powerful medium of communication in antiquity, played a crucial role in Roman public life. This form of speechmaking, exemplified by Cicero's influence over the masses, involved appealing to emotions to sway opinions. Various types of speeches were delivered to different audiences, such as juries, senators, and the Roman people, addressing diverse public matters. A typical Roman oration consisted of six parts, including exordium, narratio, propositio, confirmatio, refutatio, and peroratio, each serving a specific purpose in presenting arguments and countering opposition. Orators skillfully combined ethical, logical, and emotional appeals to engage and persuade their audiences effectively.

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Oratio

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  1. Oratio

  2. Oratory ☺ Only mass medium of communication in antiquity ☺ Exercised a very important role in Roman public life. ☺ By playing upon the emotions of his audience, a skillful orator could sway people to his point of view. ☺ For example, Cicero won over to his side a mob sympathetic to Catiline.

  3. Speeches were mainly of the following types: • 1. Ad Iudices • 2. Ad Patres Conscriptos • 3. Ad Quirites

  4. Ad Iudices Speeches addressed to a juryin cases of prosecutionor defense • example of a speech of prosecution is In Verrem (Against Verres) • one of defense is Pro Archia (On Behalf of Archias)

  5. Ad Patres Conscriptos Two types of speeches were delivered to the senators: I. one type either praised or censured someone e.g. The First Oration Against Catiline (In Catilinam) II. the other either advocated or opposed some measure e.g. The Speech on the Consular Provinces

  6. Ad Quirites ☺ Speeches delivered to the Roman people from the Rostra in the Forum☺ Dealt with matters of public interest.e.g. The speech on Pompey's Commission

  7. Divisions of an Oration • There are six parts to a typical Roman oration: • exordium • narratio • propositio • confirmatio • refutatio • peroratio

  8. EXORDIUM The orator usually employs ethicalappeals designed to arouse interest In the next four parts of the oration, the orators employs logicalarguments In the conclusion, the orator finishes up by employing emotional appeals introduction of a speech, announcing the subject and the purpose of the discourse

  9. ☺ A narrative account ofwhathas happened ☺ Explainsthe nature of the case

  10. statement setting forth the points to be proven

  11. the main body of the speech where one offers logical arguments as proof.

  12. Devoted to answering the counterargumentsof one's opponent

  13. ☺ conventionally employed, it appeals to the sympathy of the audience☺ often included a summing up

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