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Unit 2 Matter . Subatomic Particles. Atomic Number. Isotopes. Mass Number. Average Atomic Mass. States of Matter. Kinetic energy of each state. Properties: Arrangement of Particles Attractive forces between particles : Kinetic energy of particles: Particle Motion:.
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Kinetic energy of each state Properties: Arrangement of Particles Attractive forces between particles: Kinetic energy of particles: Particle Motion: • Solid: • Orderly • 2) Closely Packed • Very Strong • Very Low • Vibrate and rotate • About a fixed position Liquid: 1) Disorderly 2) Less closely packed than a solid. Strong Low Slide over each other Gas: 1) Disorderly 2) Very far apart Very weak High Move about at great speeds.
Thermal Energy/Heat/Temperature • Thermal Energy – the total amount of kinetic and potential energy of an object. • Heat – the movement of thermal energy from hot to cold. Heat always moves from hot to cold. • Temperature – the average kinetic energy of all the particles in an object.
Physical Change vs. Chemical Change Change in identity of the substance - rust Change in shape
Evidence of Chemical Change Energy change precipitate Gas formed Color change
Exothermic vs. Endothermic Exothermic reaction - heat is released, becomes hot Endothermic reaction - heat is absorbed, becomes cold