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DEMOGRAPHY

DEMOGRAPHY. Dr. Violet (de Sa) Pinto Lecturer Dept. of P.S.M. At the end of the session the student shall have the knowledge of [With regards to demography..]: Definition Demographic cycle World population trends, Growth rate Demographic trends in India

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DEMOGRAPHY

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  1. DEMOGRAPHY Dr. Violet (de Sa) Pinto Lecturer Dept. of P.S.M.

  2. At the end of the session the student shall have the knowledge of [With regards to demography..]: Definition Demographic cycle World population trends, Growth rate Demographic trends in India National Family Welfare Programme

  3. Scientific study of human population • Changes in population size • Composition of population • Distribution of population in space

  4. Demographic cycle

  5. World’s Population Trends • The billions added at decreasing time intervals • ¾ population striving in developing countries • SEAR- India, Indonesia, Bangladesh among 10 most populous in world • Decrease in birth rates and death rates

  6. Birth rates • Decrease affected by: Changes in government attitudes towards growth. Spread of education Increased availability of contraception Extension of services through F.P. programme Marked change in marriage patterns WBR: 20 in 2007

  7. Death rates • Decrease affected by: Better MCH services Successful EPI immunization DDC and ART Control programme Control of other infectious diseases WDR: 9 in 2007

  8. Growth rate • CBR-CDR= Current Annual Growth Rate • GR like train

  9. Factors affecting GR: Age distribution, marriage customs, cultural, social and economic factors. • Peak around 1970 • 2.2% Africa, 1.5% Asia, 1.3% Latin America, 0.2% in Europe. • 95% in developing countries • 1/3 population < 15yrs age group • Estimated 10 billion by 2020 • Global total fertility rate 2.6% • 176 people/ minute

  10. Demographic trends: India • 2.4% world land area & 17% of world’s population • 1921- big divide • 2000- 11th May, 1 billion • State wise- UP, Maharashtra, Bihar

  11. Age and sex composition • Age pyramid • Sex ratio • Dependency Ratio • Density of population • Family size • Urbanization • Literacy & Education • Life Expectancy

  12. Age & sex composition 0-14 yrs male population 1% more than female, 60+ female population 0.6% more than male Proportion < 15 yrs decline, elderly > burden on health services. • Age pyramid broad base tapering top

  13. Sex Ratio No of females/1000 males -mortality -sex selective migration -sex ratio at birth 2004 -06 892 0-4 yrs 908 Kerala only state with 1,058 females per 1000 males

  14. Dependency Ratio Total dependency ratio= 0-14 years +65 years and above 15 to 65 years Societal dependency ratio Young age D.R., Old age D.R. • Density of the population Number of persons living per square kilometer

  15. Family size The total number of children a woman has borne at a point in time. *Completed family size *Depends on: Duration of marriage, education of couple, the number of live births and living children, preference of male child, desired family size etc. *Two child family norm→ long term demographic goal of NRR=1

  16. Urbanization Increase attributed to: Natural growth, migration from villages, attraction of better living conditions, availability of social services. • Mega-cities- those with population of 10 million or more Mumbai, Kolkata, Delhi • Literacy and education • Life Expectancy

  17. National family welfare programme • 1952 NFPP few clinics, distribution educational material, training and research • 1961-66(3rd FYP) from clinic approach-extension education approach- small family norm 1965-Lippes Loop • 1966 Dept of Family Planning • 1966-69 infrastructure strengthening, PHC’s, subcenters, UFHC’s, District & State bureau

  18. 1969-74(4th 5yr plan) prog. Made integral part of PHC & Subcentre 1970 AIH postpartum programme 1972 MTP act introduced • 1975- 80(5th 5yr plan)1976 first NPP 1976 forcible sterilization 1977 new population policy MOFP—MOFW 1977 Rural Health Scheme, involvement of Health guides, trained dais, opinion leaders • 1982 National health policy approved in 1983 NRR=1 by 2000

  19. 1985- 86 Universal Immunisation programme, ORT • 1992 CSSM • 1997 RCH programme client oriented, demand driven, high quality integrated services.

  20. THANK YOU

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