LHCb Upgrade: B Physics at High Luminosity

1. LHCb Upgrade: B Physics at High Luminosity Independent of SLHC Competitive & complementary to e+e- super B-factories Physics Programme Vertex Detector withVertex Trigger On behalf of University of Bristol, University of Cambridge, University of Edinburgh, University of Glasgow, Imperial College London, University of Liverpool, University of Oxford, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory and with the support of theoretical colleagues at: IPPP Durham, University of Edinburgh, University of Glasgow, University of Southampton. Chris Parkes, University of Glasgow Science Committee, May 26th 2006

2. B Physics Progress • Spectacular progress in heavy flavour physics: • Baseline measurement ACP (J/y KS) • Bs Oscillations Measurement • Impressive range of additional measurements LHCb Goals • First Measurement of CP Violation in Bs System • First observation of rare decay • Precision measurements of Bs mixing • Unitarity Triangle Bs mass, width differences, ms and s/s Angle , factor 5 improvement

3. 250 mrad Dedicated B System CP violation Experiment 10 mrad p p • Full spectrum of B hadrons: • Bs system,All angles, sides of both CKM s • Lots of events ! Vertex Locator • UK participation: • 17% Collaboration • VELO, RICH • Senior • Management • Positions: • Detector • Computing • Physics RICH detectors

4. Initial Phase of LHCb Operations • Defocus LHC beams • LHCb L= 2x1032 cm-2s-1 • Factor 50 below ATLAS/CMS design L • Data taking starts Summer 2007 • Most Events have Single Interaction Number of pp interactions/ beam crossing • Pile-up at high luminosity • B mesons identified by • separation of primary interaction • vertex and decay vertex • (few mm) • Displaced Vertex trigger • 2nd level of triggering • Multiple Interactions • Limit Triggering

5. Middle station Far station Initial Phase of LHCb Operations • Defocus LHC beams • LHCb L= 2x1032 cm-2s-1 • Factor 50 below ATLAS/CMS design L • Data taking starts Summer 2007 2. Extreme Radiation Environment in Vertex Locator • LHCb VELO will be HOT! • Operates Inside LHC vacuum • Active silicon 8mm from beam • 1.3x1014 1 MeV neutroneq/cm2

6. LHCb Physics Programme Limited by Detector But NOT Limited by LHC • Upgrade to extend Physics reach • Exploit advances in detector technology • UK to play leading role in developing • Radiation Hard Vertex Detector • Displaced Vertex Trigger • Better utilise LHC capabilities • Short Timescale, 2011 • Upgrade Lumi. by factor 10 • 2x1033 cm-2s-1 • Collect ~100 fb-1 data • Modest cost compared with existing accelerator infrastructure • Independent of • LHC upgrade • Start before SLHC • But continue running • during SLHC phase

7. b s Upgrade Physics Programme Examples • Complementary to ATLAS / CMS direct searches • New particles are discovered • LHCb measure flavour couplings though loop diagrams • No new particles are found • LHCb probe NP at multi-TeV energy scale • CP Violation • Angle  to better than 10 • Tree Diagram Dominated Decays, 0.10 theory New Physics in loops - • Rare Decays Angular Correlations

8. Bs mixing phase Also measure from loops - penguin dominated  = New Physics ! CDF ms • Currently no constraints • In 2011, <2 measurement at SM • Parameterise New Physics contributions LHCb 1 Year Require upgrade to measure SM value

9. Complementarity • Bs – LHCb Upgrade • Neutrals – e+e- • Bd - overlap Super B Factories 100 fb-1, 2017 • LHCb high luminosity running L= 2x1033 cm-2s-1 • e+e- Super B-Factory • Linear Super-B (Frascati) • Super-Belle Bs 50 ab-1, 2020 Common • LHCb upgrade • Bs • Lower cost • Earlier No IP Neutrals, 

10. Detector Upgrade Radiation Hard Vertex Detector with Displaced Vertex Trigger • Critical component to achieve this physics VElo Superior Performance Apparatus

11. 8cm Z Beam Radiation Hard Vertex Locator • UK responsible for Silicon Modules • Upgrade Requires high radiation tolerance device >1015 1 MeV neutroneq /cm2 • Strixels / Pixels VELO Module

12. Radiation Hard Technologies Czochralski n-on-p • Active PPARC funded Technolgy R&D for LHC upgrades • Applicable to strixels & pixels Glasgow Liverpool 3D Glasgow Brunel Extreme rad. hard For 4.5 x 1014 24 GeV p/cm2 Depletion voltage = 19V

13. LHCb Trigger System • Existing 1st Level Trigger • Veto on multiple • interactions • Existing Trigger based on: • High pT Muons • Calorimeter Clusters Current 1st Level Trigger Performance • Cope with 4 interactions / beam crossing       Events with muons – trigger efficient Events with hadrons – need improved trigger Require Displaced Vertex Trigger At 1st level

14. Configurable system (FPGA based) • Total: 2snot 1ms! System Configuration Outline 8 In Radiation Free zone 4 sectors per half Two halfs • Vertex identification • Impact parameter calculation • Final vertex trigger decision • 35 processing modules • 2 crates • 2200 optical links • 36 multi ribbon cables (8x8)

15. Project Outline • R&D phase: April 2007- April 2009. • Production of a detector design based upon physics studies • prototyping of silicon modules and trigger system. • (ii) Construction, Installation and Commissioning: • April 2009 – April 2012. Equipment Costs

16. ? ? ? ? Summary • UK proposes to play leading role in • Physics Studies • Radiation Hard Vertex Detector • With Displaced Vertex Trigger • Independent of LHC upgrade plans • Major Physics Programme at modest cost • Flavour Sector of New Physics • s measurement • Precision  • Opportunity for major UK leadership • Strong UK Theoretical Involvement