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Aircraft Performance Data Turboprop Aircraft Evaluations Recommendations October 7, 2005

2. INTRODUCTION. 3. Introduction. Purpose of this PresentationA review of the goals, evaluation methods, and recommendations resulting from CSC's activities to effectively map FAA Turboprop Aircraft to robust CTAS Aircraft Types for the purpose of improving TMA ETA calculations.Record of Meeting/

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Aircraft Performance Data Turboprop Aircraft Evaluations Recommendations October 7, 2005

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    2. 2 INTRODUCTION

    3. 3 Introduction Purpose of this Presentation A review of the goals, evaluation methods, and recommendations resulting from CSC’s activities to effectively map FAA Turboprop Aircraft to robust CTAS Aircraft Types for the purpose of improving TMA ETA calculations. Record of Meeting/Action Items CSC will record the proceedings of this Telecon and will distribute Minutes and Action Items

    4. 4 Introduction Agenda Aircraft Types & Trajectory Generation Analysis Methodology Results & Recommendations Next Steps Closing Questions Action Items & Close

    5. 5 Aircraft Types & Trajectory Generation

    6. 6 Aircraft Types & Trajectory Generation The external definition of an aircraft’s type is the FAA A/C Type that is sent to TMA in the NAS Flight Plan. TMA uses the FAA A/C Type to look up the CTAS A/C Type to be used by TMA for modeling purposes (4D trajectory and ETA development). The mapping between these types is stored in the aircraft_types file.

    7. 7 Aircraft Types & Trajectory Generation There are multiple, site specific versions of the aircraft_types file. This accommodates situations such as the local use of unique A/C types for training, or the presence, locally, of unusual or old A/C types. These files are packaged and released with site specific adaptation. Many of the current CTAS A/C Types for Piston Aircraft to which FAA A/C Types are mapped have not been thoroughly analyzed and adjusted to reduce ETA creep in the system

    8. 8 ANALYSIS METHODOLGY

    9. 9 Analysis Methodology Aircraft Performance Data (APD) Analysis Efforts for the Turboprop Aircraft; Define a set of archetype CTAS A/C Types which will meet the needs of the turboprop FAA A/C Types Map the FAA A/C Types to the archetype CTAS A/C Types. These mappings will be applied to the site specific adaptation aircraft_types files. Tune the APD of any CTAS A/C Type that is needed as an archetype and has not previously been analyzed during the Build 2 TMA development effort. Tune APD to provide improved, appropriate ascent and descent behavior. These changes will be applied to the software APD file aircraft_specific_model_data file.

    10. 10 Analysis Methodology An initial review of previously “tuned” turboprop CTAS AC Types revealed that the flight plan based mapping technique used for piston aircraft would not be acceptable for turboprop aircraft types. For example, 4 of the previously tuned turboprop types had very similar flight plan filed altitude vs. filed speed plots. See the plots on the following pages for; FAA AC Type AT72 FAA AC Type B190 (mapped to CTAS AC Type BE02) FAA AC Type DH8C (mapped to CTAS AC Type DH8) FAA AC Type SF34 The data for the flight plan plots for these FAA AC Types are all in the speed range from 240 to 280 kts and altitudes up to 25,000 ft, yet they have been found to have distinctly different climb rates and speeds. For example; Ascent CAS; SF34 = 138 kts --- AT72 = 165 kts, but similar climb rates Climb rates (8K to 15K); SF34 & AT72 = 1,100ft./min. --- B190 = 1,800 ft./min.

    11. 11 Analysis Methodology – AT72 Flight Plan Data

    12. 12 Analysis Methodology – B190 Flight Plan Data

    13. 13 Analysis Methodology – DH8C Flight Plan Data

    14. 14 Analysis Methodology – E120 Flight Plan Data

    15. 15 Analysis Methodology – SF34 Flight Plan Data

    16. 16 Analysis Methodology An initial mapping was created using 5 previously tuned CTAS AC Types as turboprop archetype types; SF34 – SAAB 340A AT72 – ATR72-500 (Avions de Transport Regional Integrated) DH8 – FAA Ac Type DH8C, DHC-8 DASH Q300 Basic E120 – Embraer EMB – 120 Brasilia BE02 – FAA AC Type B190, Beech 1900D The initial mapping is provided later in this presentation.

    17. 17 Analysis Methodology Create a New Turboprop CTAS AC Type During the turboprop archetype analysis, it was determined that an additional, higher performance turboprop archetype would be required. The new CTAS AC Type DH8D will be created. Note the significantly higher True Air Speeds (TAS) filed for the DH8D (next page) as compared to the filed TAS of the other 5 turboprop CTAS archetypes. The new type will be modeled on the behavior of aircraft of FAA AC Type DH8D (DHC-8 DASH Q400 Basic). This type aircraft type is used by Horizon Air and is frequently observed arriving to TMA’s ZSE arrival airport, SEA.

    18. 18 Analysis Methodology – DH8D Flight Plan Data

    19. 19 Analysis Methodology – DH8D APD Changes

    20. 20 Analysis Methodology – DH8D APD Changes

    21. 21 Analysis Methodology – Modeled DH8D Altitude Profiles Ascent Segment – Before & After APD Changes

    22. 22 Analysis Methodology – Modeled DH8D Speed Profiles Ascent Segment – Before & After APD Changes

    23. 23 Analysis Methodology – Modeled DH8D Altitude Profiles Descent Segment – Before & After APD Changes

    24. 24 Analysis Methodology – Modeled DH8D Speed Profiles Descent Segment – Before & After APD Changes

    25. 25 Analysis Methodology – DH8D APD Performance ETA Stability Using the New DH8D APD

    26. 26 Analysis Methodology – DH8D APD Performance ETA Stability Using the New DH8D APD (cont.)

    27. 27 Analysis Methodology Modify CTAS AC Type DH8 During the development of APD for the DH8D CTAS AC Type, many DH8 flights were observed and analyzed. The new observations indicated that CTAS AC Type DH8 could be improved. A small, but relatively consistent, ETA creep was observed during both ascent and descent.

    28. 28 Analysis Methodology – DH8 APD Changes

    29. 29 Analysis Methodology – Modeled DH8 Altitude Profiles Ascent Segment – Before & After APD Changes

    30. 30 Analysis Methodology – Modeled DH8 Speed Profiles Ascent Segment – Before & After APD Changes

    31. 31 Analysis Methodology – Modeled DH8 Altitude Profiles Descent Segment – Before & After APD Changes

    32. 32 Analysis Methodology – Modeled DH8 Speed Profiles Descent Segment – Before & After APD Changes

    33. 33 Analysis Methodology – DH8 APD Performance ETA Stability Using the Old DH8 APD

    34. 34 Analysis Methodology – DH8 APD Performance ETA Stability Using the New DH8 APD

    35. 35 Results & Preliminary Recommendations

    36. 36 Results & Recommendations Implement the new turboprop CTAS AC Type DH8D Implement the APD revisions for CTAS AC Type DH8 Update in the TMA software file aircraft_specific_model_data under the Common_data directory.

    37. 37 Results & Recommendations Use the initial mapping of FAA to CTAS AC Types listed in the following table as the starting point for subsequent analysis. Most Turboprop Aircraft are mapped to the SF34, AT72, DH8, BE02 or E120, based on Filed True Air Speed and Filed Altitudes. A set of high performing Turboprops are mapped to the E120, but require further analysis and potential mapping to the newly developed DH8D CTAS AC Type. A set of low and slow Turboprops are mapped to the AT72, but require further analysis and potential mapping to the piston CTAS AC Type archetypes.

    38. 38 Results & Recommendations CTAS AC Type Mappings

    39. 39 Results & Recommendations CTAS AC Type Mappings

    40. 40 Results & Recommendations CTAS AC Type Mappings

    41. 41 Results & Recommendations CTAS AC Type Mappings

    42. 42 Results & Recommendations CTAS AC Type Mappings

    43. 43 Results & Recommendations CTAS AC Type Mappings

    44. 44 Results & Recommendations CTAS AC Type Mappings

    45. 45 Results & Recommendations CTAS AC Type Mappings

    46. 46 Results & Recommendations Recommendation Summary From The Turboprop Study Work Review the Turboprop aircraft identified as “low and slow” to ascertain the CTAS Aircraft to which they should be mapped. Review the high performing Turboprop Aircraft to identify the CTAS aircraft to which they should be mapped. Review the performance characteristics of the C130 and G159. Map those aircraft to their designated archetypes.

    47. 47 Next Steps

    48. 48 Next Steps – Test APD Changes

    49. 49 Next Steps – Type Mapping

    50. 50 Next Steps – Type Mapping

    51. 51 Next Steps – Type Mapping

    52. 52 Closing Questions

    53. 53 Action Item Review & Close

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