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Government

Government. Chapter 3. Creating and Ratifying the Constitution. Section 2. Key Terms. Legislative Branch: Lawmaking branch of govt. Executive Branch: Branch of govt. that carries out laws. Judicial Branch: Branch of govt. that interprets laws.

herrod-barnes
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Government

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  1. Government Chapter 3

  2. Creating and Ratifying the Constitution Section 2

  3. Key Terms • Legislative Branch: Lawmaking branch of govt. • Executive Branch: Branch of govt. that carries out laws. • Judicial Branch: Branch of govt. that interprets laws. • Great Compromise: Agreement providing a dual system of congressional representation. • Three-Fifths Compromise: Agreement providing that enslaved persons would count as three-fifths of other persons in determining representation in congress.

  4. Key Terms cont. • Electoral College: A group of people named by each state legislature to select the president and vice president. • Federalists: Supporters for the constitution. • Federalism: A form of govt. in which power is divided between the federal, or national, govt. and the states. • Anti-Federalists: Those who opposed ratification of the Constitution.

  5. Opposing Plans • May 29, 1787 • “Virginia Plan” • James Madison • Virginia Plan called for a govt. with 3 branches • Executive • Judicial • Legislative • Legislature divided into 2 houses • States represented on population

  6. Virginia Plan • Appealing to larger states • Virginia • Mass. • Penn. • N.Y. • Small states feared they would be ignored

  7. William Paterson • New Jersey • Alternate Proposal • “New Jersey Plan” • Called for 3 branches of govt. • Legislature only 1 house • Each state got 1 vote • “Articles of Confed.” • Approval from: • Delaware • N.J. • Maryland • All states “equal”

  8. Constitutional Compromise • Delegates debated for 6 weeks • Neither side wanted to give in • Small or large states • Some threatened to leave the convention • All delegates had a goal for creating new constitution

  9. Great Compromise • Committee led by Roger Sherman • Proposal: • Congress have 2 houses • Senate • House of Reps. • States have equal representation in Senate • Based on population • Plan was accepted

  10. Three-Fifths Compromise • How would states calculate population • Accurate representation • Southern states wanted to count slaves • 550,000 • Increase voting in the House of Reps. • Northern states disagrees • Slaves had no rights; states should not have stronger voice in govt. • Three-Fifths Compromise • 5 slaves counted for 3 (taxes)

  11. Other Compromises • North: govt. regulate trade between states and foreign countries • South: feared congress would use power to tax exports • Southern economy would suffer • Also, Southerners feared congress may stop slave traders • Southern plantations depended on slave labor

  12. Other Compromise cont. • South: Congress could regulate trade with states and foreign countries • North: Agreed congress could not tax exports or stop slave trade before 1808

  13. Electoral College • Still used today • Difference: voters in each state, not legislatures, choose electors

  14. Approving Constitution • Sept. 17, 1787 • Last gathering • All delegates but 3 signed the Constitution • Needed to win Ratification • 9 of 13 states would have to vote yes

  15. Federalists • Supported the constitution • Create a system of federalism • U.S. would not survive without strong national govt.

  16. Anti-Federalists • Opposed the Constitution • Gave too much power to the national govt. • Took too much power from states • Objected to absence of bill of rights • Constitution failed to provide protection for certain individual liberties

  17. Reaching Agreement • Federalists agreed that bill of rights was a good idea • Promised if Constitution was adopted the govt. would add a bill of rights • June 21, 1788, N.H. became 9th state to vote for Constitution • 1790, all states had voted for Constitution • 13 independent states were 1 nation

  18. Homework • Pg. 59 • Section 2 Questions • 1-6 (complete sentences) • Worksheets #35-37

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