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Chapter 8

Chapter 8. Section 1: The Young Nation Goes To War. President James Madison. Elected 4 th president in 1808 A quiet, intelligent man with years of political experience Embargo Act was taken back so he had to find a new policy for peace Tried to remain Neutral in war matters still

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Chapter 8

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  1. Chapter 8 Section 1: The Young Nation Goes To War

  2. President James Madison • Elected 4th president in 1808 • A quiet, intelligent man with years of political experience • Embargo Act was taken back so he had to find a new policy for peace • Tried to remain Neutral in war matters still • Wanted to lift restrictions on trading with France and England; however they had to agree to lift their restrictions as well

  3. Madison’s Plan Fails • Napoleon of France takes advantage of Madison’s plan • Napoleon got the French to agree to the plan with a motive to hinder the British

  4. War Talk Begins • Changes in 1811: • New congress made up of young aggressive men; nickname given to them was “The Boys” the later the “War Hawks” • Henry Clay chosen to lead, young frontiersman, brilliant speaker • Henry Clay and his followers wanted to stop Indian attacks (which they blamed on the British), and open the seas to trade with anyone of their choosing with no restrictions • These ideas called for War talk, because British continued to seize American ships

  5. Chapter 8 Section 2: War Is Coming

  6. The War Draws Closer • Since the first presidents war was not an option because it could destroy America • However some 20 years later the constitution was established, country was building, and new ideas were developed • war was beginning to become one of those new ideas • Population increased, U.S. had doubled in size; colonial America was becoming a memory of the past • Americans were feeling the needed to take action and the War Hawks led the way

  7. Attitudes Toward the War • Henry Clay and John Calhoun saw English-owned Canada as an easy target • War Hawks continued to stir up the public about war • The Northern states opposed war with England, however many still saw a purpose for it

  8. The United States was Poorly Prepared • US army poorly trained and small • Old Generals with little to no war experience • Money wasn’t there to train and pay for an Army • Only a few Warships • Despite these disadvantages talk of war still continued

  9. Madison’s Re-election in 1812 • The election of 1812 was between Madison (who was supported by the War Hawks) and DeWitt Clinton • It was close however Madison won and this was a huge victory for those that supported war with England

  10. Chapter 8 Section 3: War of 1812

  11. The War of 1812 • Madison declared war of June 19, 1812 • He was unaware that the British had decided to accept his plan and reopen trade • America was unprepared, and lost their attack on Canada

  12. The United States Has Some Success • Captain Oliver Hazard Perry defeated a British ship • It stopped a possible British invasion on the Ohio Valley • Next, General William Henry Harrison defeated a British and Indian force, an Indian Chief was killed which put an end to organizing the Indians to help • Andrew Jackson defeated the Creek Indians and this forced the Indians to sign a treaty

  13. The British Burn the Capitol • In August of 1814 the British landed about 4,000 soldiers near Washington, D.C. • They marched into D.C. and burned the Capitol building and the White House • Other buildings were burned as well

  14. British Attack Baltimore • British attacked Fort McHenry which guarded the entrance to Baltimore’s harbor • Shells exploded all through the night • Francis Scott Key watched this take place and wrote a poem about it called “The Star-Spangled Banner” • Obviously becomes our National Anthem

  15. The Battle of New Orleans • A battle was fought at new Orleans after a treaty had been signed ending the War of 1812 • Jackson led the battle 8,000 English soliders • Jackson had won • He was very respected for the win

  16. Chapter 8 Section 4: War Ends

  17. The War Ends • War ends in 1814, war went bad for both sides • British people wanted the war to end, they were at war with France as well • In America there was confusion about the war and mixed feelings • American’s wanted peace

  18. The Treaty of Ghent • Weeks of discussion between the English and Americans finally ended in a settlement • The treaty pretty much stated at all things would go back to whom they belonged before the war • The war was declared a tie

  19. Results of the War • Often called the Second Revolutionary War • This is when the British finally looked at America as a nation • America won the respect of nations worldwide • America had learned to take care of itself

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