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Aircraft Wing Design and Weight Estimation Overview

Comprehensive guide on wing structures, materials, loading analysis, and landing techniques, with a focus on geometric layout and weight estimation for aircraft design.

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Aircraft Wing Design and Weight Estimation Overview

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  1. Structures and Weights 1 QDR AAE 451: Team 2 Michael Caldwell Jeff Haddin Asif Hossain James Kobyra John McKinnis Kathleen Mondino Andrew Rodenbeck Jason Tang Joe Taylor Tyler Wilhelm

  2. Overview • Wing Structure • Geometric Layout • Properties of Wing Box • Material Properties • Structural Geometry • Wing Loading Analysis • Landing Techniques • Weight Estimate

  3. Aircraft 3-View Mission Requirements • 15 min. endurance • Take-off distance ≤ 60 ft. • Vstall ≤ 15 ft./s • Vloiter ≤ 25 ft./s • 35 ft. turn radius

  4. Geometric Layout

  5. Properties of Wing Box • Shear Web • 1.6 in. x 0.125 in. (0.1333 ft. x 0.0104 ft.) • Wing Spar • Central I beam located at maximum wing thickness • With shear web and two stringers • Ribs • Balsa • 20 ribs spaced approximately every 3 inches • Stringers • Balsa • 0.375 in. x 0.375 in. (0.03125 ft. x 0.03125 ft.) leading edge stringer • 0.375 in. x 0.75 in. (0.03125 ft. x 0.0625 ft.) trailing edge stringer for mounting aileron • Monokote wing covering • All parts: 11 lbf/ft3 balsa • High safety factor (oversized web/stringers)

  6. Material Properties

  7. Structural Geometry • Balsa construction • Lightweight • Simple, quick construction • Monokote covering

  8. Wing Loading Analysis • Constraints • Analysis • Load Distribution at Maximum Wing Loading • Maximum Wing Root Bending Moment • Maximum Torsional Moment

  9. Bending • Worst case simplification • cantilevered beam • uniform load distribution • negligible outer fuselage mass/support

  10. Twisting • Moment due to lift found from moment coefficient

  11. Constraints • Twisting: less than one degree of twist • Bending: bending stress less than balsa yield stress (w/ safety factor of 2)

  12. Analysis • Maximum wing load: • 1.97 lbs of lift, assuming uniform distribution and span • Maximum bending moment (at root): • 1.308 ft-lbs • Maximum torsional moment (from Cm): • 0.194 ft-lbs

  13. Landing Techniques • Belly Landing • Conventional Landing Gear • Landing Skis • Parachute • Catching Net

  14. Weight Estimate • Weights of parts: • Fuselages: 0.317 lbf • Wing: 0.579 lbf • Canard: 0.133 lbf • Tails: 0.146 lbf • Motor: 0.172 lbf • Batteries: 0.113 lbf • Distance measured from front of aircraft • CG = 1.482 ft • AC = 1.589 ft • Static margin = 10.7%

  15. Summary • Wing Structure • Geometric Layout • Properties of Wing Box • Material Properties • Structural Geometry • Wing Loading Analysis • Landing Techniques • Weight Estimate • Questions?

  16. Appendix

  17. Airfoil Selection: Wing Wortmann FX 63-137 Wortmann FX 63-137: M.S.Selig,J.F.Donovan and D.B.Fraser,"AIRFOIL AT LOW SPEEDS” – Wind Tunnel

  18. Airfoil Selection: Canard NACA 0012

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