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Paper for the 22 nd IAFFE Conference Consolata Kabonesa, School of Women and Gender Studies

Makerere University, Uganda. Engendering Economic Policies in Uganda: Contribution of Gender Responsive Budgeting to Gender Equality, Well-being and Sustainable Development. Paper for the 22 nd IAFFE Conference Consolata Kabonesa, School of Women and Gender Studies

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Paper for the 22 nd IAFFE Conference Consolata Kabonesa, School of Women and Gender Studies

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  1. Makerere University, Uganda Engendering Economic Policies in Uganda: Contribution of Gender Responsive Budgeting to Gender Equality, Well-being and Sustainable Development Paper for the 22nd IAFFE Conference Consolata Kabonesa, School of Women and Gender Studies Makerere University, Uganda

  2. We hear budgeting but we do not know what they do! Female FGD, Kabarole

  3. Introduction • Gender equality and women’s empowerment as key to national development • Global perspective – gender inequalities are • within social, economic and political systems • Institutions • Systems and institutions hinder national development and individual development • Women’s well being is highly constrained • In Uganda the situation is no different

  4. Basis for Gender quality, Wellbeing and Sustainable Development • International , regional and national instruments address gender inequality • CEDAW, Beijing Platform for Action, Millennium Development Goals, The Republic of Uganda Constitution, The National Development Plan. The National Gender Policy, The National Action Plan on Women, The Health Policy and Health Strategy, etc.

  5. Basis for Gender quality, Wellbeing and Sustainable Development • Despite the numerous approaches and instruments to addressing gender inequalities globally, the gap in economic and social well-being between men and women in Uganda has continued to grow • Women more than men are infected by HIV – power relations, limited decision making in the household, limited financing for gender responsive service delivery programmes, etc.

  6. Introduction • Over all aim of the study whether and in which ways the implementation of GRB has contributed to promoting gender equality, well-being and sustainable economic development in Uganda. • Who gets involved, nature of involvement, response to involvement – if suggestions are made are they taken on? If funds are remitted are they used to address their suggestions? Etc. • Trends in socio-economic indicators of both males and females.

  7. Gender Mainstreaming and Gender Responsive Budgeting • Gender mainstreaming - means of addressing gender inequalities and promoting human development • Through inclusion and participation in policy making and implementation, budget processes and social-economic related programmes. • Gender Responsive Budgeting (GRB) - a strategy of engendering financial and economic policies for increased national growth, gender equality and women’s empowerment

  8. Gender Responsive Budgeting • Where Does Uganda stand in the area of GRB particularly in Health – HIV/AIDS? • In Uganda GRB started in 1997 – • Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) - Forum for Women in Democracy (FOWODE) and Parliamentary Women’s Caucus, etc. • These organizations operate both at the national and district level • 2004 Government’s call for engendering budgets – gender and equity bugdeting

  9. Some questions • What then is happening in the various sectors? • How are the resources distributed and shared? • Where majority of women employed? • Does it pay? • How do the sectors contribute to GDP?

  10. Percentage Employment by Industry and Sex

  11. Sector Composition of GDP(%) 2005/6 – 2010/11

  12. Sector Contribution to GDP at basic prices

  13. Service Sector

  14. Some well Being Indicators • Poverty – • 24.5 percent (7.5 million people) of the population were below the poverty line • Compared to 56 percent in 1992, 38 percent (9.8 million people) in 2002/03, and 31 percent (8.4 million people) in 2005/06. • 2009/10 Uganda National Household Survey (UNHS)

  15. HDI and GDI

  16. Education • Primary enrolment FY2009/10 - 8.7 million in while the literacy rate of the population aged 10 years and above increased from 69% in 2005/06 to 73% in 2009/10. • Completion rate still low • Female drop out rates still high due to social –cultural and institutional factors

  17. Some specific indicators • Education • Health • Success Stories in GRB • Challenges in GRB

  18. Health • Improved access to water - 63% (2002/3) 68.0% (2005/6) 73.8% (2009/10) • Maternal Mortality 435 per 100,000 and • Infant mortality 76 per 1,000 (2009/10) • Cases of preventable diseases • Increased HIV infection rates

  19. Successful Stories • GRB meant one should incorporate the disabled and women issues. During the budget making process women groups are requested to bring their proposals ……… they budget for women and disabled projects through their groups. Groups identify their projects which are funded by the sub county. Bubare Sub-county Chief Kabale District

  20. Organisational Participation in Budgeting • NGOs - participate in the district budget conference through availing its budget to the district officials • NGOs identify the activities of interest • NGOs help the district in providing advisory services as in regards to the budget draft. • REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH UGANDA-KABALE

  21. Challenges • We are invited to participate in the budget conferences, but in most cases we find the budget already made. So our participation doesn’t yield much. Budget is made just to fit in the indicative figures of finances as prior determined in the ministry of finance and planning- • KRC-KABAROLE

  22. Challenges • At the district level it is still limited and has challenges Kabale district planner noted: • Varied interests of politicians such activities may not necessarily regard gender and women’s needs. ----- Kabale district Planner • We hear budgeting but we do not know what they do! Female FGD, Kabarole • Misrepresentation of gender leading to misconceptions of gender equality and women’s empowerment

  23. What can be done? • Awareness creation, engaging policy makers and other decision makers. • Develop capacity for gender budgeting and equity • Information for communities on GRB • Make governments accountable on Policy commitments • Increase public investments in health, water and sanitation, education, and agriculture.

  24. Acknowledgement • Three Year Research Grant from the Austrian Development Cooperation • Our Collaborators from the Vienna University of Economics and Business, Institute for Institutional and Heterodox Economics • Research Teams from Makerere University and Kyambogo University.

  25. Thank you

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