What are arrays in Data Structure

1. What are arrays in Data Structure? We can use Let us begin by knowing what is an array in mathematics. An array is an arrangement of items, numbers, objects, or pictures in rows and columns. In the same way, an array in Data Structure is the value of the same data type which is store in rows and columns together. In Array, we can store multiple items of the same data type in contiguous locations. So, that we can trace easily the items and their location. An array is a collection of items or elements that represent their values stored in that array. The elements in an array are store at contiguous locations in which each location of elements has a unique numerical index. We can use these index locations to access the item associated with them. In fact, we can use this index to access any other element in the array whose position with respect to this element is known. In most languages, an array has a fixed size. For example: In a string type of array that contains a list of department names. As the array has 5 elements, the size of an array is 5. The array in this example starts from 0. It is the case for most programming languages. In languages like COBOL, MATLAB, R, FORTRAN, and many others have default index of their first element as 1.

2. Operations in Array: Let us now learn about some of the operations in Array and how to perform them in different languages. As we know that different languages have different Syntax. So, we will focus on the requirements of operations and learn the syntax with examples. Declaring and Creating an Array. To create an array, first of all, we have to define the variable of an array of the desired data type. It also requires allocating memory locations that will store the elements of the array. To do this, it needs to either know the determine the array size. In different programming languages, the array syntax creation is different, but usually, there are two major ways of declaring an array. Declaration by Initializing Array Elements Only. In this method, we have to initialize the values of all array elements. We don’t give the array size explicitly. We can determine the size of the array by the number of array elements. After determining the size of the array, they can’t be changed in the future. Declaration by giving size and then Initializing Array Elements. In this method, we give the size of the array explicitly and then proceed to initialize the values of the array elements. How to access elements in the array. Whenever we want to access elements of an array, it may need to access all the elements or just one specific element at a time. We can also access some of the array elements at a time. There are different ways to access the array elements based on the need.

3. Traversing /Accessing through all array elements. We can access all array elements using a for loop run for all indices or using a for each loop run for all elements in the array. Accessing a particular Array Element. We can access a particular element in an array simply by using the array name along with the index of the element. The syntax is very similar to array Name for most languages Advantages and Disadvantages of using an array: We cannot overstate the importance of arrays in different programming languages. Many data structures that don’t have some of these disadvantages of arrays (such as stack, linked list, queue, heap, etc.) either use arrays in some form or require a good understanding of arrays. Advantages of Array:    In an array, we can access the random elements, which make the searching operation faster. It is easy to declare array elements and we can use it with most data types. Array elements are stored in contiguous locations, so it makes it easy to determine the relative locations of elements. Disadvantages of Array:    The size of the array is fixed once declared. We can’t change the size of an array. Memory allocation and utilization are not very efficient. The operation of insertion and deletion is slow, as elements are supposed to be stored sequentially, index-wise.

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