1 / 30

Nonvascular Plants

Nonvascular Plants. Page 35. (Bryophytes). Bryophytes. Spore Capsules. Seedless Nonvascular Plants. Page 35. Simplest land plants Evolved from green alagae Can grow in a wide range of Environments When environment dries so does the plant. Moss. General Characteristics. Page 36.

heller
Download Presentation

Nonvascular Plants

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Nonvascular Plants Page 35 (Bryophytes)

  2. Bryophytes

  3. Spore Capsules Seedless Nonvascular Plants Page 35 Simplest land plants Evolved from green alagae Can grow in a wide range of Environments When environment dries so does the plant Moss

  4. General Characteristics Page 36 • Lack vascular tissue (xylem & phloem) to carry water and food • Water and food move in the plant by diffusion • No strengthening tissue (xylem) so they cannot grow tall • Most are between 2 and 20 cm high

  5. General Characteristics • Have no true leaves or roots • Have rhizoids – fine outgrowths of the stem to anchor the plant • Have simple ‘leaf like structures’ that contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis • Can absorb water through the surface of the plant • Have no cuticle

  6. General Characteristics • Reproduce by means of spores produced in sporangia of the sporophyte • Which grows out of the visible plant • Are homosporous = spores are all the same size • Germinate immediately and grow into the green plant we can see (gametophyte) • That produces male and female gametes

  7. General Characteristics • Depend on water for fertilisation • Male gametes have to swim in a film of water to reach the female gamete (egg)

  8. General Characteristics • Two gametes fuse to form a zygote • That develops into an embryo • Which grows into the sporophyte • Go through Alternation of generations (sporophyte & gametophyte stage) • Gametophyte is dominant stage • Reproduce by spores

  9. Do Learning Activity 5 Page 43

  10. Division - Bryophyta Sporophytes Gametophytes

  11. Mosses • Division Bryophyta • Small, nonvascular plants • NO true roots, stems, or leaves • Grow in moist areas (brick walls, as thick mats on the forest floor, on the sides of trees) Moss gametophytes

  12. Mosses • Some can survive short dry spells • Must grow close together for their life cycle • H2O moves by diffusion from cell to cell • Sperm must swim to egg through drops of water Moss growing on Moist tree trunk

  13. Mosses Diagram page 36 • Have a outer waxy Cuticle to prevent water loss • Have root like Rhizoids to anchor the plant, but NOT absorb water • Leaf like gametophyte supports sporophyte with spore capsule

  14. Sphagnum Moss • Known for its moisture holding capacity • Absorbs 20 times its weight in water • Used by florists to keep plant roots moist

  15. EXTRA STUFF Uses for Moss Plants • Help decompose dead wood • Serve as pioneer plants on bare rock or ground • Help prevent erosion • Provide shelter for insects & small animals • Used as nesting material by birds • Peat moss is burned as fuel

  16. Page 36 Asexual Reproduction in Moss • The spore capsule is full of spores that must mature • Once mature, the spore cap (operculum) comes off releasing spores • Spores germinate (grow) when they land on moist soil

  17. Sexual Reproduction in Moss • Moss alternate between a dominant haploid (1n) Gametophyte and a diploid (2n) Sporophyte • Gametophytes produce gametes (eggs & sperm) containing half the chromosome number • Sporophytes have a complete set of chromosomes & produces spores by meiosis

  18. Sexual Reproduction in Moss • The sporophyte is smaller & attached to the gametophyte • Sporophyte lackschlorophyll & gets food from the gametophyte • Sporophyte has a long, slender stalk(setae) topped with a spore producing capsule Spore Capsule setae

  19. Sexual Reproduction in Moss • Eggs are large & immobile • Produced in structures called archegonia

  20. Sexual Reproduction in Moss • Antheridia forms many sperm cells • Sperm cells capable of swimming to egg • Sperm follow a chemical trail released by the egg

  21. Sexual Reproduction in Moss • Fertilized egg (zygote) undergoes mitosis to develop Sporophyte • Spore capsule of sporophyte makes haploid spores by meiosis • Spores germinate into juvenile plants called protonema • Protonema becomes the gametophyte

  22. Page 43

  23. Not in the syllabus Division - Hepatophyta

  24. Liverworts • Nonvascular • Reproduce by spores • Alternation of generations with sporophyte attached to gametophyte • Green, leafy Gametophyte dominant

  25. Liverworts • Need abundant water for fertilization • Grow on moist soil, rocks, or other moist surfaces • Reproduce asexually by gemmae or by growing new branches • Reproduce sexually by haploid spores Gemmae Cups Capsule

  26. Not in the syllabus Division Anthocerophyta

  27. Hornworts Sporophytes • Small, nonvascular bryophytes • Gametophyte leafy and dominant like liverworts • Archegonia & antheridia form inside the plant • Zygotes develop into long, horn-shaped Sporophytes Gametophytes

  28. Hornworts • Horn-shaped Sporophyte capable of photosynthesis • Sporophyte attached to, but NOT as dependent on Gametophyte Sporophyte Gametophyte

  29. TO DO • In your workbook draw the moss plant on page 36

  30. The End

More Related