Birth of the New World

1. Birth of the New World 13 Original American Colonies

2. New England ColoniesMR. CaN • Massachusetts • Rhode Island • Connecticut and • New Hampshire

3. MassachusettsPlymouthColony1620 • Pilgrims received a charter to settle in America • Pilgrims (Separatists)left forreligious freedom • Mayflower went off course & landed in Plymouth, MA • Mayflower Compact –Promised to obey the laws passed “for the general good of the colony” • 1st self-government in America

4. Mayflower Compact In the name of God, Amen. We whose names are [listed below], the loyal subjects of our dread sovereign (authority) Lord, King James, by the grace of God…Having [started], for the glory of God, and advancement of the Christian faith, and honor of our King and Country, a voyage to plant the first colony in the northern parts of Virginia, do…in the presence of God, and one of another, [promise] and combine our selves together into a civil body politic (government), for our better ordering and preservation and furtherance of the ends [mentioned above]; and by virtue hereof to enact (pass), constitute, and frame such just and equal laws, ordinances, acts, constitutions and offices, from time to time, as shall be thought most meet and convenient for the general good of the Colony, unto which we promise all due submission and obedience. In witness whereof we have hereunder subscribed our names at Cape Cod, the eleventh of November [New Style, November 21], in the year of the reign of our sovereign lord, King James, of England, France, and Ireland, the eighteenth, and of Scotland the fifty-fourth. Anno Domini 1620.

5. Massachusetts Massachusetts Bay 1630 (Boston) • Puritans - Protestantswho wanted to reform (purify) The Church of England • Royal charter to leave for religious freedom to practice their religion without persecution • Create a society based on the Bible • Town meetings (democratic government ) • Only white male church members could vote

7. New Hampshire • 1623 • Main town – Portsmouth • John Wheelwright • Proprietary/ royal colony • Wheelwright led a group of nonconformist Puritans from Massachusetts to Exeter, New Hampshire for religious freedom • Drew up Exeter Compact-based on Mayflower Compact (self government) • Good fishing

8. Connecticut • 1633 – Hartford • Thomas Hooker- Puritan minister dissatisfied with MA leadership led his congregation southeast of MA through the wilderness • 3 years later a charter joined 3 towns creating Connecticut • Formore freedom than the Puritans allowed in Massachusetts Bay • “The foundation of authority is laid in the free consent of the people." -Thomas Hooker • Adopted a governmental plan- Fundamental Orders of Connecticut: 1st constitution in America

9. Fundamental Orders of CT Forasmuch as it has pleased Almighty God by the wise [character] of His Divine Providence (His Holy Wisdom) so to order and dispose of things that we, the inhabitants and residents of Windsor, Hartford, and Wethersfield are now cohabiting and dwelling in and upon the Conectecotte (Connecticut) and the lands thereunto adjoining (touching); and well knowing where a people are gathered together the Word of God requires that, to maintain the peace and union of such a people, there should be an orderly and decent government established according to God, to order and dispose of the affairs of the people at all season as occasion shall require; do therefore associate and [unite] ourselves to be as one public state or commonwealth…As also in our civil (political) affairs to be guided and governed according to such laws, rules, orders, and decrees as shall be made, ordered and decreed, as follows: Laws, Rules, and Orders (examples) 1) …there shall be yearly two general assemblies or courts… 4) …no one person be chosen governor above once in two years…and…be a member of the approved congregation (group)

10. Rhode Island • 1636 –Founded Providence, Rhode Island Founded by Roger Williams • Charter after being forced out of Massachusetts • For: Religious freedom & toleration • Against: taking Native American land • Separation of church & state • Founded the 1st Baptist Church in America

11. Middle Colonies2 New PennsD’ware • NewYork • NewJersey • Pennsylvania • Delaware

12. New York • 1624 – Dutch • New Amsterdam (New York City) • Forexcellent trade, the Hudson River, & a good harbor • English wanted it & attacked in 1664 • A threat to other English trade & settlements • Dutch surrendered without a fight • Proprietary/Royal Colony • Gift to the Duke of York • Renamed - New York • Diverse Culture: German, Swedish, Dutch, Native American, & African • First Jewish in America • Fastest growing place in the colonies

13. New Jersey • 1638 founded Trenton • Land below New York givenby Duke of York to Lord John Berkeley & Sir George Carteret • Proprietary /royal colony • For land sales • Encouraged settlers by: • Large tracts of land • Freedom of religion • Trial by jury • A representative assembly • Ethnically diverse

14. Pennsylvania • 1682 – Founded Philadelphia (Brotherly love) • King gave to William Penn as payment for debt he owed the family --nearly as large as England • Proprietary colony • Forreligious freedom for Society of Friends-Quakers • Believed in an “inner light” leading to salvation • Pacifists • Everyone is equal • Welcomed different religions & nationalities • Treated Natives fairly

15. Delaware • 1638 - settled in Willmington • Settled by Swedes • Proprietary colony • For Swedish trading post • 1682 English claimed the land • Penn allowed Delaware to have a legislature & work as a separate colony • Under authority of Pennsylvania's governor • Swedish settlers built 1st log cabins in America

16. Southern ColoniesVirginia Goes 2 C Mary • Virginia • Georgia • North Carolina • South Carolina • Maryland

17. Maryland • 1634 – Main settlement of Baltimore (port city) • LordBaltimore –Catholic • Proprietary colony north of VA • For a safe place for Catholics • Passed Toleration Act –Religious Freedom & toleration • Planted tobacco & corn • Law - “Every person planting tobacco shall tend 2 acres of corn” • Plantations grew bringing slaves & indentured servants • Mason-Dixon line- boundary between Maryland & Pennsylvania

18. Virginia • 1607 - Virginia Company of London • Chesapeake Bay-Jamestown • Royal charter • For trade & profit • England’s 1st permanent American colony • Difficult beginning years • Developed high grade tobacco= settlement flourished • Slave Labor • Created House of Burgesses for more local control-1st representative assembly

19. Carolinas • 1653 –Carolina = Charles’ Land in Latin • Founded Charles Town, later called Charleston • 8 proprietors created proprietary colony • For profit • John Locke wrote a constitution • Northernterritorysettled by VA farmers • Grew tobacco • Soldforest products, i.e. timber & tar • Southern more prosperous (Charleston harbor) • Grew rice • Developed indigo-dye for textiles • Used slaves • Split in 1670 • 2 royal colonies by 1729

20. Georgia • 1733 –founded Savannah • James Oglethorpe • Proprietary/ Royal CharterforEnglishdebtors, poor people, & protection from Spanish Florida • Wanted “sober, industrial, & moral persons” • Religious freedom--Except Catholics • Banned slavery& rum • Given to the king in 1751 Founded 50 years after the other 12

21. 13 American Colonies