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RNA

RNA. Ribonucleic Acid RNA uses the information encoded in DNA to make proteins. Structure of RNA. RNA is similar to DNA, but there are 3 major differences. RNA is single stranded, DNA is double Ribose is the sugar instead of Deoxyribose

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RNA

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  1. RNA Ribonucleic Acid RNA uses the information encoded in DNA to make proteins

  2. Structure of RNA RNA is similar to DNA, but there are 3 major differences. • RNA is single stranded, DNA is double • Ribose is the sugar instead of Deoxyribose • Cytosine, Guanine, Adenine and Uracil(instead of Thymine)

  3. Types of RNA • Three main types 1. Messenger RNA (mRNA) – transfers DNA code to ribosomes for translation. 2. Transfer RNA (tRNA) – brings amino acids to ribosomes for protein synthesis. 3. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) -Ribosomes are made of rRNA and protein.

  4. Transcription Transcription is the process of forming RNA from DNA STEPS: • Enzyme binds to DNA and separates the DNA strands. • The same enzyme then moves along the strand of DNA and assembles the strand of RNA. • When the enzyme reaches the termination signal, it releases and the RNA is finished. • RNA moves from nucleus to cytoplasm

  5. What does the RNA sequence mean??? • A codon is a group of 3 letters in the mRNA. The anticodon is the complementary sequence found on the tRNA. • Each codon of the mRNA code signal a type of amino acid, a “start code”, or an end to a protein. • Use the codon chart to translate the RNA into amino acids

  6. Genetic Codes

  7. Translation • Translation is the process by which the information in RNA is converted into protein. • Proteins are long chains of amino acids.

  8. Translation Steps • mRNA moves to the cytoplasm then to the ribosomes. tRNA “reads” the mRNA until it finds the “start” codon AUG with amino acid methionine. • tRNA starts transfering amino acids to ribosome and begins assembly. • Ribosomes attach amino acids together forming a protein chain. • Protein chain keeps growing until a stop codon is reached.

  9. Codons and Amino Acids • There are 21 different types of amino acids. • AUG is the “start codon” and also signals for the amino acid methionine • UAA, UAG, and UGA are “stop codons” and signal the ribosome to release the newly formed protein.

  10. Practice AUG-CUC-GUU-CAG-UGA DNA: TAC-GAG-CAA-GTC-ACT RNA: AA: DNA: TGC-TAC-AGG-TCC-ATT RNA: AA: DNA: TGA-CCG-TAC-GTC-ATC RNA: AA: Met Leu Val Glu Stop ACG-AUG-UCC-AGG-UAA Met Ser Arg Stop ACU-GGC-AUG-CAG-UAG Met Glu Stop

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