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Why study Diet?

Why study Diet?. Utility for model building?. Food provides energy necessary to sustain life and allow for reproduction. Main activity of most animals’ lives. Major component of natural selection: “obtain food and keep from becoming food”. Why study teeth?. Utility for model building?.

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Why study Diet?

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  1. Why study Diet? Utility for model building? • Food provides energy necessary to sustain life and allow for reproduction • Main activity of most animals’ lives • Major component of natural selection: “obtain food and keep from becoming food”

  2. Why study teeth? Utility for model building? • Indicate foods consumed • Indicate size & behavior • Well preserved in the fossil record • Growth & development patterns • Sexual dimorphism characteristics • Non-dietary indicators

  3. Tooth Types

  4. Tooth Types Human Dentition

  5. Roles of the teeth Differential use in heterodont dentition Incisors & canines -- • ingestion, get the food into the mouth • seizing, stripping, squashing, puncturing Premolars & molars -- • preparation of food for digestion • food is chopped up to increase surface area • molars are a series of cutting blades and crushing basin

  6. Extant vs Extinct Data collection from the living primates

  7. Diagnostic features Features of the skull used to determine dietary category • Incisors & canines • Molars & premolars • Cusps & crests • Enamel thickness • Massiter & temporalis muscles • Body size

  8. Large incisors indicate • frugivore • Small incisors = carnivore • or insectivore Incisors & Canines Anterior Dentition • Get food in the mouth • Grooming • Scraping • ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

  9. Incisors

  10. Canines

  11. Premolars & Molars Posterior Dentition • Folivores = low or high • Insectivores = tall, pointed • Carnivores = tall, pointed • Frugivores = low, rounded • Omnivore = low, rounded

  12. Premolars & Molars Premolars& Molars

  13. Premolars & Molars

  14. Cusps & Crests Molar & premolar morphology cusp crest

  15. Enamel thickness Thickness of the hard mineral surface covering the teeth

  16. Dental Attrition Enamel wear

  17. Muscles of mastication

  18. Body size Diet dictates primate body size • Body-size tends to • correlate w/ dietary • regime • Folivore = largest • Insectivore = smallest • Frugivore = medium to large

  19. Dietary strategies Categories of Diet for the Primates • Folivore - plants • Frugivore - fruit • Carnivore - meat • Insectivore - insects • Omnivore - mixed

  20. Age Changes Subadult Dentition

  21. temporalis massiter 1. Temporal bone 2. Mandibular condyle Human Chewing Anatomy of the TMJ

  22. Human Chewing Movement of the TMJ • held in place by a sheath of tendon and muscles • glides on cartilage • Bursa helps absorb some forces • Literal double joint

  23. Human Chewing Motions of the Mandible …but subject to very complex movements and forces.

  24. Human Chewing “Disarticulation” of the TMJ

  25. Human Chewing Nerves & Blood Vessels around TMJ

  26. Human Chewing Disorders of the TMJ & Associated Structures Fibro-Osseous Disorders Fibrous dysplasia Paget’s disease Luxation & Subluxation Developmental Condylar Hyperplasia Hyperplasia Agensis Infectious Spread Tuberculosis Syphillis Gonorrhea Staphylococcal Infection Streptococcal Infection Inflammatory rheumatoid arthritis Psoriatic arthritis Reiter’s syndrome Systemic lupus erthematosis Familial Mediterranean fever Degenerative osteoporosis Traumatic Condylar Fracture Ankylosis Internal rearrangement Metabolic Gout Pseudogout TMJ Pain Dysfunction Neoplastic Benign Tumors

  27. Human Chewing Clinical Aspects • Burt Reynolds • “In” malady • drew attention to the extent of the disorder

  28. Human Chewing Treatments

  29. Human Chewing Measuring Mandibular Angle

  30. Human Chewing Molar & Incisal Chewing

  31. Human Chewing Hylander’s Lever Action Model • Trouble w/TMJ: • Chew on the same side as pain • Trouble w/molar: • Chew on the opposite side

  32. The Nubians

  33. Human Chewing condyle pathology

  34. fossa pathologies

  35. Human Chewing Categories Studied • Age • Sex • Complete Socket Resorption • Active Pathologies • Dental Attrition

  36. Human Chewing Age Changes in the Mandible Lateral View Dorsal View

  37. TMJ PATHOLOGY - + AGE 34.47 35.12 male 26.40 47.60 SEX female 70.60 52.40 Human Chewing Age & Sex Relationships

  38. Human Chewing Complete Socket Resorption

  39. Human Chewing Complete Socket Resorption

  40. abcess caries partial socket resorption

  41. TMJ PATHOLOGY + - ABCESS 0.24 0.79 CARIES 0.71 1.39 2.27 2.88 PARTIAL RESORPTION Human Chewing Dental Caries & Abcesses

  42. Human Chewing Dental Attrition tooth wear

  43. Human Chewing Results • Significantly more females affected compared to males • Greater wear found on the same side as TMJ damage • Greater wear found on side opposite carious lesions • Trends similar to clinical findings

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