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From DNA to Protein: Understanding Nucleic Acid Chemistry

Explore the fundamental components of DNA, including nucleotides, nitrogenous bases, and the structure of nucleic acids. Learn about the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the roles of purines and pyrimidines, and the process of DNA replication. Delve into the significant insights from Watson and Crick's double helix model and the application of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) in genetic research.

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From DNA to Protein: Understanding Nucleic Acid Chemistry

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  1. From DNA to Protein

  2. Knowledge of Nucleic Acid Chemistry Is Essential to the Understanding of DNA Structure

  3. Nucleotides are the building blocks of DNA. They consist of a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar, and a phosphate group.

  4. A nucleoside contains the nitrogenous base and the pentose sugar. A nucleotide is a nucleoside with a phosphate group added

  5. The nitrogenous bases can be purines or pyrimidines. The purines are adenine (A) and guanine (G). The pyrimidines are cytosine (C), thymine (T), and uracil (U)

  6. DNA and RNA both contain A, C, and G, but only DNA contains T and only RNA contains U. RNA contains ribose as its sugar; DNA contains deoxyribose • The C-5' position is the location of the • phosphate group on a nucleotide.

  7. Nucleotides are linked by a phosphodiester bond between the phosphate group at the C-5' position and the OH group on the C-3' position

  8. Nucleotides are linked by a phosphodiester bond between the phosphate group at the C-5' position and the OH group on the C-3' position

  9. A polynucleotide chain

  10. Antiparallel nature of the helix and the horizontal stacking of the bases.

  11. Watson and Crick proposed DNA is a double helix in which the two strands are antiparallel and the bases are stacked on one another. The two strands are connected by A-T and G-C base pairing and there are 10 base pairs per helix turn

  12. The DNA double helix as proposed by Watson and Crick

  13. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

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