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SCORM: e-Learning Standard

SCORM: e-Learning Standard. Asst.Prof.Dr.Surasak Mungsing. By: Akshay Kumar. SCORM. Sharable Content Object Reference Model. Topic. What is SCORM? History Connection with e-learning Application of XML Technology Technical description about SCORM Why it is important to us?.

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SCORM: e-Learning Standard

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  1. SCORM: e-Learning Standard Asst.Prof.Dr.Surasak Mungsing

  2. By: Akshay Kumar SCORM Sharable Content Object Reference Model

  3. Topic What is SCORM? History Connection with e-learning Application of XML Technology Technical description about SCORM Why it is important to us?

  4. What is SCORM? A software model defines the interrelationship of course components, data models, and protocols such that content “objects” are sharable across systems that conform with the same model. It is collection of specification adopted together for achieving some property of content like Accessibility, Adaptability, Affordability, Durability ,reusability, interoperability

  5. WHAT IS SCORM? • A REFERENCE MODEL: A set of profiles of standards and specifications that tells you how to do something useful • A SOLUTION: Solves the problem of separating Web-based training content from delivery systems • A STANDARD: Adopted by most commercial LMS products and required by • a DoD directive

  6. SCORM and Technology • Content Aggregation Model • Metadata (from IEEE LOM 1484.12)‏ • Content Structure (derived from AICC)‏ • Content Packaging (from IMS)‏ • Sequencing Information (from IMS)‏ • Run-Time Environment • IEEE Application Programming Interface(1484.11.2)‏ • IEEE Data Model (1484.11.1)‏ • Sequencing & Navigation • Sequencing Information & Behavior(from IMS)‏

  7. SCORM ASSUMES … • A particular content lifecycle (next slide) • Web-based content • Interactive (optional) • Static (designed ahead of delivery) • A single learner • Progress by objectives

  8. E-Learning System

  9. ADL-Advanced Distributed Learning Vision: 1997 • “Provide access to the highest quality education, training and performance aiding, tailored to individual needs, delivered cost efficiently, anytime and anywhere”

  10. e-Learning as ADL vision

  11. LMS – Learning Management System • 2002:NOLP (NSTDA Online Leaarning Project) developed LMS SCORM 1.2 • 2006: NOLP developed LMS 3.0, certified as LMS SCORM2004 (SCORM v1.3) by ADL

  12. SCORM CONTENT LIFECYCLE

  13. THE SCORM BOOKS Content Aggregation Model 1. Learning Object Metadata (1484.12) 2. Content Packaging (IMS Specification) Describe, export, transport and import Run-Time Environment 3. Application Programming Interface (1484.11.2) 4. Data Model (1484.11.1) Launch, track, communicate learner info Sequencing & Navigation 5. IMS Simple Sequencing Adaptive learning, instructional design

  14. SCORM Content Aggregation Model

  15. SCORM Runtime Environment

  16. Sequencing & Navigation

  17. Background: A Thinking process? Design for Reuse What’s the right level of granularity? Tracking What’s the right level of granularity? Metadata How much is needed? LMS What does the Table of Content look like? Navigation Controls?

  18. Granularity and Reusability Raw Data (Media Elements)‏ Information Objects Learning Objective Lesson(Aggregation)‏ Course(Collection)‏ Context + Reusability - Source: Academic ADL Co-Lab (adapted from Learnactivity)‏

  19. SCORM and Technology • Content Aggregation Model • Metadata (from IEEE LOM 1484.12)‏ • Content Structure (derived from AICC)‏ • Content Packaging (from IMS)‏ • Sequencing Information (from IMS)‏ • Run-Time Environment • IEEE Application Programming Interface(1484.11.2)‏ • IEEE Data Model (1484.11.1)‏ • Sequencing & Navigation • Sequencing Information & Behavior(from IMS)‏

  20. Generalized view of LMS

  21. SCORM Content Model Components Assets: building block of a learning resource. text, images, sound, assessment objects or any other piece of data More than one asset can be collected together to build other assets. SCO: A SCO is a collection of one or more Assets that represent a single launchable learning resource tracked by an LMS

  22. Conceptual Makeup of SCO

  23. SCORM Content Aggregation Model

  24. Conceptual Representation of Activity

  25. Content Organization

  26. <organization> tag Title Item title Item adlcp: timeLimitAction, dataFromLMS, completionthreshold imsss:sequencing adlnav:presentation Metadata imsss:sequencing

  27. Content Packaging

  28. Sequence and Navigation • Three ways for learners to traverse the Activity Tree • User Choice (“Choice”)‏ • The learner can choose any activity in any order at any time • Flow • The learner can only move toward the ‘next’ or ‘previous’ activity – the system determines the activity to delivery • Forward Only • The “Previous” button is disabled.

  29. Adding Sequencing Behavior • A • 1 • B • 2 • 3

  30. Run time environmentCommunicating with the LMS /* look up window hierarchy to find LMS provided API */ API.Initialize(“”); var name = API.GetValue(“cmi.learner_name”); API.SetValue(“cmi.score.scaled”, “0.9”); API.Terminate(“”);

  31. Continue… Initialize(“”)‏ SetValue(X, Y)‏ GetValue(X)‏ Commit(“”)‏ Terminate(“”)‏ GetDiagnostic(Y)‏ GetLastError()‏ GetErrorString(Z)‏ • Must use JavaScript • There are only 8 functions that you may use Where X = cmi data model element, Y = any string, Z = error code

  32. API, API instance and API implementation

  33. CMI data model element Comments From Learner Comments From LMS Completion Status Completion Threshold Learner Id Learner Name Learner Preferences etc…

  34. Conceptual API Instance Transition

  35. SCORM Run Time Environment fla

  36. Continue….

  37. Continue….

  38. Scope of Adaptation SCORM Content Aggregation Model

  39. Limitation considered..(one prespecitive)‏ limited adaptivity Run time environment do setting of the predefined rule with key value pair only. We can not change these values at run time after SCO made. This is again compact and it can not be used in different context by simple change. We have to make a new imsmanifest file for the changed context of learning.

  40. Continue…. SCORM describes a solutions for systems, components and content interopability for learning Data and Behavioral interoperability SCORM does not extend beyond learning to management of learning SCORM does not impose any pedagogical or assessment model SCORM supports only limited pedagogical features

  41. Continue…. No communication across SCO’s No access to other SCO’s SCO has its own behavior Using same hierarchy for structure, behavior and display Learners are individual It can not adapt learner experience without learner interaction There is no concept of alternate resource although we can simulate it by making various navigation restrictions There is nothing for picking some of resource from a collection of resource

  42. Development in SCORM January 1999 — Executive Order 13111 signed tasking the DoD to develop common specifications and standards for e-learning across both federal and private sectors January 2000 — SCORM Version 1.0 January 2001 — SCORM Version 1.1 October 2001 — SCORM Version 1.2 January 2004 — SCORM 2004 (1st Edition) July 2004 — SCORM 2004 (2nd Edition) June 2006 — Department of Defense Instruction (DoDI) 1322.26 Requiring DoD Use of SCORM October 2006 — SCORM 2004 (3rd Edition)

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