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Human Trafficking

Explore the history of slavery, the impact of human trafficking today, and the tactics used by traffickers to exploit vulnerable individuals. Learn about the victims, the conditions that make them vulnerable, and the work being done to combat this modern-day slavery.

haroldholland
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Human Trafficking

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  1. Human Trafficking

  2. Article 1 - United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights • All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood

  3. Slavery • Slavery (also called thralldom) is a form forced labour • people are considered to be the property of others • can be held against their will from the time of their capture, purchase or birth, • deprived of the right to leave, to refuse to work, or to demand wages.

  4. Slavery • Can trace slavery back to 18th BC - slaves in babylon • Atlantic Slave Trade 16th-19th century • Most people were shipped from West & Central Africa & taken to North and South America to work on plantation (sugar (70%), coffee, cocoa & cotton), gold and silver mines, rice fields, or as house servants

  5. Slavery • the Portuguese (and Brazilians), the British, the French, the Spanish, the Dutch, and the North Americans (were major players) • Enslaved people were generally obtained through coastal trading with Africans • some were captured by European slave traders through raids and kidnapping • Estimated that between 9.4 and 12 million Africans arrived in the New World slave tradeEuropecapture

  6. Slavery

  7. Distribution of Slaves 1519-1867 10,000,000 slaves

  8. Distribution of Slaves 1519-1867

  9. Portuguese America 38.5% of slaves

  10. British America(Not North America) 21.65% of slaves

  11. Spanish Empire 17.5% of slaves

  12. French Americas 13.6% of slaves

  13. British North America 6.45% of slaves

  14. Dutch West Indies 2% of slaves

  15. Danish West Indies 0.3% of slaves

  16. 1998, UNESCO designated August 23 as International Day for the Remembrance of the Slave Trade and its Abolition (Santo Domingo (now Haiti and Dominican Republic) on August 23 1791 uprising leading to abolition of Slave Trade • At the 2001 @ World Conference Against Racism (Durban, S. Africa) African nations demanded a clear apology for slavery from the former slave-trading countries • Opposition from U.K., Portugal, Spain, Netherlands & U.S.

  17. January 30, 2006, Jacque Chirac (the then French President) said that 10 May would henceforth be a national day of remembrance for the victims of slavery in France • On November 27, 2006 & March 14th, 2007, then British Prime Minister Tony Blair made a partial apology for Britain's role in the African slavery trade • U.S. House of Representatives passed a resolution apologizing for American slavery and subsequent discriminatory laws

  18. Fastest growing criminal activity (behind drugs and weapons) • ~ 2.5 million people from 127 countries are trafficked internationally every year • 27 million people enslaved in the world • 5-9 billion dollar business • 80% of victims --> women & children

  19. Who Are the Victims?

  20. What Makes people Vulnerable to Traffickers • Conditions of their country • Economic conditions - poverty • Political conditions - civil unrest • Lake of value & treatment of women & children • Gender roles in country • Conditions in transit country • Conditions in destination country

  21. What Makes people Vulnerable to Traffickers • What these people have experienced as a result of the conditions • Trauma • Poverty • Disability

  22. What Makes people Vulnerable to Traffickers • Who are they • Gender - women • Class - poor • Ethnicity - african, eastern european, south American • Who are the traffickers & how do they work

  23. Traffickers are • Powerful & influential • Neighbours • Friends • Family members • Village chiefs • Owners of small/medium-sized businesses • Organized crime

  24. They recruit through • Aquaintances • Family • Fake employment agencies • Newspaper ads • Front businesses • Word or mouh • Abductions

  25. "presentable young ladies", "no qualifications or experience required", "easy work," "good conditions," and "hours by arrangement". They often offer salaries of over 2,000 dollars

  26. Types of exploitation • Domestic services • Sex work ItalyGreeceMales http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/21134540/vp/4037134#4037134 • Servile marriage • Criminal activity • Begging • Labour --> factory, constructions, restaurant work, agriculture • Sierra LeoneThailand

  27. Types of exploitation • Prostitution - 46% • Domestic service - 27% • Agriculture - 10% • Sweatshop/factory - 5% • Other - 12%

  28. Tactics used by traffickers: • Withholding of legal documents • threats and acts of physical harm to victim and victims’ family • rape • kidnapping • isolation and confinement • denial of medical care • manipulation and psychological abuse

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  31. Raid • Nigeria

  32. Portrait of a Victim - The Clues • Living at workplace or with employer • Housed with multiple people, cramped living space • Working long hours; little to no pay • No identification, travel documents • Children not in school • Physical signs of abuse and/or psychological effects

  33. Confinement

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