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Integrated Pest Management: Insect Challenges

Integrated Pest Management: Insect Challenges. Southern Maryland Vegetable Conference Presented by Ben Beale with Slides from: Galen Dively, UMD Joanne Whalen, UDEL. Topics Systemic worm control products Sweet corn BT protein releases Label Changes Resistance Issues.

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Integrated Pest Management: Insect Challenges

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  1. Integrated Pest Management: Insect Challenges Southern Maryland Vegetable Conference Presented by Ben Beale with Slides from: Galen Dively, UMD Joanne Whalen, UDEL

  2. Topics • Systemic worm control products • Sweet corn BT protein releases • Label Changes • Resistance Issues

  3. Systemic worm control products • Chlorantraniliprole, also known as Rynaxypyr. Sold under the brand name Coragen • New chemistry with excellent control of Lepidoptera pest • Has activity as both a drench application and foliar application.

  4. Systemic worm control products • Potential benefits: • Residual control with easy application • Reduced risk to applicator compared with conventional foliar applied products • Very low mammalian toxicity • Ability to reach Lepidoptera which may not be affected by contact products

  5. Does Chlorantraniliprole have activity in fruit?

  6. Note: .074 kg ai/ha is equivalent to 5ozs per acre .112 kg ai/ha is equivalent to 7.5ozs per acre

  7. Excellent tool for control of tomato tuberworm in foliage. Will not control tuberworm once it has entered the fruit.

  8. Now labeled on wide variety of vegetable crops, including most cucurbi crops, fruiting vegetables and cole crops.. NOT labeled on onions, parsnips, asparagus, garlic, turnips, radishes.

  9. Sweet Corn Insect Control What’s New and What Works Galen P. Dively Department of Entomology

  10. European corn borer

  11. Corn earworm

  12. Major problem with sprays - Maintaining a toxin residue of insecticide on the silk tissue

  13. Attribute Insect Protected Bt Sweet Corn Syngenta Seeds • Expresses Cry1Ab insecticidal protein in all tissues at consistently high levels throughout the crop cycle. • Created by traditional breeding using event BT11 field corn. • Targets caterpillars attacking foliage and the developing ear. • Bt hybrids available for processing and fresh market.

  14. Effects on European Corn Borer nonBt Bt nonBt Bt • 100% protection against whorl, stalk and ear damage. • Eliminates all ECB-targeted insecticide applications.

  15. Effects on Corn Earworm Bt nonBt • Reduces kernel area consumed by >90%. • Reduces side ear damage. • Reduces insecticide applications by 80% or more depending on population pressure.

  16. Effects on Fall Armyworm • More tolerant to Cry1Ab protein • Eliminates most whorl and tassel treatments. • Reduces husk and kernel damage by 50% or more.

  17. Attribute Bt varieties provide excellent protection against caterpillars entering ears during fresh silking. • High Bt protein expression in green silk tissue.

  18. After pollination, the Bt protein degrades as the silk tissue wilts and the expressed protein degrades, larvae can by-pass silk tissue and move directly to developing kernels. • Larvae have a better chance to survive in the ear, because not all kernels express Bt protein. • More damage is likely to occur under high insect pressure and in hybrids lacking good tip cover. • Surviving larvae still become sick and do not develop or feed normally; but can be present in 25% or more of the ears. • For late plantings, one or two insecticide sprays are needed to prevent ear damage from exceeding fresh market standards.

  19. Attribute GSS0966 (Bt) Prime Plus (non-Bt)

  20. Abnormally High Corn Earworm and Fall Armyworm Pressure in 2010 Attribute BC0805 (Bt) Providence(non-Bt) Example of a late planting of untreated sweet corn in MD

  21. Next Generation of Bt Sweet Corn Technology Seminis Seeds - Cry1A.105+Cry2Ab + Cry3Bb1 – Performance Series Syngenta Seeds - VIP3A + Cry1Ab – Attribute II (not available until 2013) Pyramided and stacked genes Advantages: Added herbicide tolerant genes Broader spectrum of insect control Higher efficacy Less prone to resistance development Non-Bt Cry1Ab

  22. ECB= European corn borer; CEW= corn earworm; FAW= fall armyworm; BCW= black cutworm; and WBCW= western bean cutworm. Control rating: E= excellent, VG= very good, G= good, F=fair, and P= poor.

  23. Kernel Segregation Ratios hemizygous for the Bt trait

  24. Kernel Segregation Ratios Attribute single gene expression (Cry1Ab) Performance Series (Cry1A.105 + Cry2Ab vectored)

  25. Kernel Segregation Ratios Attribute single gene expression (Cry1Ab) Performance Series (Cry1A.105 + Cry2Ab vectored) Attribute II (Vip3A + Cry1Ab separate events)

  26. Efficacy of ‘Performance Series’ Sweet Corn to prevent ear injury Obsession Bt Cry1A.105 + Cry2Ab Obsession Non-Bt Isoline Bt varieties available: Temptation, Obsession, Passion

  27. 2011 Experiment at Beltsville MD; sprays applied every 3 days starting at early fresh silk.

  28. Efficacy of of ‘Performance Series’ Sweet Corn to prevent whorl and tassel injury Obsession Non-Bt Isoline Obsession Bt Cry1A.105 + Cry2Ab

  29. Efficacy of Attribute II Sweet Corn MD and MN 2007-2010

  30. Providence Non-Bt Isoline Attribute II - Vip3A + Cry1Ab

  31. Bt Sweet Corn is an Environmentally Safe Control Option • Ideally fits the IPM philosophy by combining: • - Host plant resistance • - Different modes of action to prevent resistance. - Use of a reduced risk bioinsecticide. • - Conserves beneficial insects • Significantly reduces insecticide use and control costs. • Efficacy may vary under adverse growing conditions or very high insect pressure. • Does not replace IPM.

  32. Other sweet corn pests • Expressed Bt proteins do not affect soil and seedling insects or sap beetles and rootworm beetles later in the season.

  33. Scout fields Trap monitoring Destroy crop after harvest Attribute and Performance varieties require a stewardship agreement to purchase

  34. CURRENT ISSUE: Pyrethroid Resistance in Corn Earworm • Increased resistance in southern and north central United States. • Resistant moths from the south disperse into northern areas. • Monitoring work in the Mid-Atlantic area has detected increased tolerance. • Increasing reports of reduced efficacy. • Weight of evidence indicates resistance is developing Average % Control of Pyrethroid Insecticides based on Sweet Corn Field Tests from the Mid-Atlantic Region YearMeanRange 1999 84.7 75-99 2000 76.5 67-95 2001 80.3 65-91 2002 78.3 53-94 2006-09 52.5 27-82

  35. Fresh Market Sweet Corn Ear Quality

  36. Status of Insecticide Efficacy and Control • Pyrethroids have lost 1/3 of their efficacy since 2002. • No consistent differences among pyrethroid products. • Efficacy of pyrethroids varies from year to year. • Mixtures of Lannate and pyrethroids - best strategy. • Recommend rotations with newer products (Coragen, Belt, Radiant). • Silk zone spray coverage is essential. • Tighter schedules may compensate for reduced efficacy.

  37. Mid Season Trial – 2011:-- 6 appl. – 3-4 day schedule – NOTE -- need to check labels for total amt. allowed and intervals between applications --9 treatments in the trial --Planted – June 10--Harvested – Aug 12 --CEW and Sap Beetle Main Insects in this Trial

  38. Mid Season Trial Results - 2011 Untreated Control – CEW and SB Damaged Ears – 98%

  39. Late Season Trial – 2011-- 6 appl. – 3-4 day schedule – NOTE -- need to check labels for total amt. allowed and intervals between applications -- 9 treatments in the trial-- Planted: July 1--Harvested: Aug 29--Corn Earworm Main Pest in this trial

  40. Late Season Trial Results - 2011 Untreated Control – CEW Damaged Ears – 99%

  41. Summary of Sweet Corn Trial Results – 2011 • Poorest Results: -- Larvin ( no longer available in 2012 unless another company picks it up) -- Gemstar ( Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus) alternated with Radiant • Best Results: -- Voliam Xpress – rotated or alternated with Warrior – note high CEW pressure will need to use combo of Lannate + Warrior when rotating/alternating with Voliam Xpress -- Combination of Belt + Baythroid alternated with Lannate + Baythroid -- Coragen alternated with Lannate + Asana – mid season -- Lannate + Warrior – still hanging in there for now

  42. Label Changes • Endosulfan (Thiodan): Label has been cancelled. Users must use any remaining product by the end use date set by EPA • For many crops, endosulfan cannot be used after July 12, 2012, even if the product has a label that lists that crop. • Be sure to adhere to the phase out guidelines. See label and EPA website for more info.

  43. July 31 2012- Partial Listing • Almond • Apricot • Broccoli • Brussels sprouts • Carrots • Cauliflower • Celery (non-AZ) • Collard greens • Dry beans • Dry peas • Eggplant • Kale • Kohlrabi • Mustard greens • Nectarine (CA only) • Strawberry (Annual) • Sweet potato • Turnip • Ornamental trees, shrubs, and herbaceous plants

  44. July 31 2012- Partial Listing • Cabbage • Cotton • Cucumbers • Lettuce • Stone fruits not listed in Group A, including Nectarine (non-CA), Peaches, and Sweet cherry • Summer melons (cantaloupe, honeydew, watermelon) • Summer squash • Tobacco

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