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French Revolution

Explore the French Revolution, starting with financial collapse in 1789, the rise of the National Assembly, the chaos, Reign of Terror, rise of Napoleon, and downfall leading to his exile in 1815 at St. Helena. Witness the significant events that reshaped France's history.

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French Revolution

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  1. French Revolution Chapter 18

  2. Estates • Total population = 27 million • 3 Estates • 1st Estate – Clergy (130,000) • 2nd Estate – Nobles (35,000) • 3rd Estate – Everyone else (26.8 million) • Only Estate that pays taille

  3. Financial Crisis • Financial Collapse – 1789 • Due to spending on wars and Kings’ luxury • Estates-General meet • 1200 representatives of Estates • 1st – 300 reps • 2nd – 300 reps • 3rd – 600 reps • Each estate gets 1 vote • 1st and 2nd historically outvote 3rd 2-1

  4. National Assembly • 3rd Estate reps declares itself a National Assembly • Says it will write new constitution • Locked out of meeting place • Meets at nearby tennis courts • Tennis Court Oath – promise to write constitution

  5. Chaos • 900 Parisians attack Bastille – armory/prison • King loses authority • Revolts all over France • National Assembly passes Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen • Outlines liberties of citizens • Influence by Enlightenment

  6. New Government • Louis XVI concedes to National Assembly • Constitution of 1791 • Limited Monarchy • Still a king, but Legislative Assembly makes laws • Active citizens have new rights and can vote • Passive citizens have new rights, but can’t vote • Clergy and govt. officials are elected • Local govts. in charge of taxing

  7. Continued Chaos • Violence and chaos in Paris – 1792 • Food shortages • Legislative Assembly calls for National Convention • Establishes a French Republic • Very radical • King and Queen beheaded • France is attacked by foreign nations • “Reign of Terror” • Hunt down and kill enemies of state • Both domestic and foreign threats • Over 40,000 killed • Huge French army pushes out invaders

  8. Napoleon • Military hero • Rose through ranks quickly • Takes part in coup d’etat of govt. • Becomes consul with absolute power

  9. Emperor Napoleon • Proclaimed emperor – 1804 • Makes peace with Church • Establishes Napoleonic Code • Preserves some revolution principles • Napoleon is a despot , shuts down newspapers, enforces censorship

  10. Grand Empire • France, Allied States and Dependent States • Unable to conquer Great Britain • Empire weakens • Nationalism in other states • Invades Russia – 1812 • Disaster, army wiped out • France attacked while weak – 1814 • Napoleon exiled to Elba • Returns from exile, raises army • Defeated at Waterloo – 1815 • Exiled to St. Helena

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