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ECOLOGY

ECOLOGY. Interactions of Living Things. I. Ecology. Ecology : The study of the interactions between organisms and their environment. Environment : Anything that affects the organism. Biotic : living factors in the environment. Plants Bacteria Animals Fungi Protists.

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ECOLOGY

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  1. ECOLOGY Interactions of Living Things

  2. I. Ecology • Ecology: The study of the interactions between organisms and their environment. • Environment: Anything that affects the organism.

  3. Biotic: living factors in the environment. Plants Bacteria Animals Fungi Protists Abiotic: Non-living factors affecting the environment. Water Soil Light Temperature natural disasters pH II. Biotic vs. Abiotic

  4. III. 4 Levels of Environment • Organism/Species • Population • Community • Ecosystem

  5. IV. Energy Uptake • Producers – Make own food • Consumers – Eat other things • Herbivore – Eat plants • Carnivore – Eat animals • Omnivore – Eat plants and animals • Scavenger – Live off remains of dead organisms • Decomposers – Recycle dead matter

  6. Producers

  7. Consumers Herbivores

  8. ConsumersCarnivores

  9. ConsumersOmnivores

  10. ConsumersScavengers

  11. Decomposers

  12. V. Flow of Energy • Food Chains – simple, show direct relationships • Food Webs – Complex, show all possible relationships • Energy Pyramid – Shows ecosystems loss of energy. Each level uses 90% of energy obtained leaving only 10% available to the next level

  13. Food Chains

  14. Food Web

  15. Energy Pyramid

  16. Habitat: The environment in which an organism lives. Niche: An organism’s way of life within an ecosystem. (includes its habitat, its food, its predators and the organisms with which it competes. VI. Habitat vs. Niche

  17. VII. Competition • Organisms try to use the same limited resource. • Use by one organism decreases the amount available to other organisms.

  18. VIII. Predator/prey One organism (the predator) eats the other organism (the prey).

  19. IX. Symbiosis – Two organisms live in close association with one another 1.) Mutualisms: Both organisms benefit

  20. One organism benefits and the other organism is unaffected Symbiosis2. Commensalism • Sharks and remoras

  21. One organism benefits while the other organism is harmed. Symbiosis3. Parasitism • Parasite: organism that benefits • Host: organism that is harmed and sometimes dies • Examples: Ticks Tapeworms

  22. Largest population an environment can support X. Carrying Capacity

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