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35.4 Species interact in biological communities. Objectives. Identify causes and possible results of interspecific competition. Identify some adaptations of predators and prey. Compare and contrast symbiotic relationships. Vocabulary. i nterspecific competition competitive exclusion
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Objectives • Identify causes and possible results of interspecific competition. • Identify some adaptations of predators and prey. • Compare and contrast symbiotic relationships.
Vocabulary • interspecific competition • competitive exclusion • niche • predation • symbiotic relationship • parasitism • mutualism • commensalism
Competition Between Species • Remember…? • community: a group of species living in the same geographic area • competition may limit population growth • interspecific competition: competition between species • same resource
Competitive Exclusion • One may succeed over the other. • may not be an issue: predation
Niches • niche: the unique living arrangement of a species in a community • habitat • food sources • time of day most active • et cetera (Latin: “and other things”) • rare to have two identical niches in one place
Predation • predation: an interaction in which one organism eats another
Predator Adaptations • fast • agile • coloring • behavior • good senses • physical structures
Prey Adaptations • behavior • coloring • camouflage • warning • mimicry • plants • poisonous chemicals • spines/thorns
Symbiotic Relationships • close interaction between species in which one of the species live in or on the other • 3 types • parasitism • mutualism • commensalism
Parasitism • one obtains food at the expense of the other • parasite benefits • host is harmed • usually takes time to kill host • some hosts have adaptations to avoid
Mutualism • both organisms benefit
Commensalism • One is helped, the other is neither harmed nor helped. • rare