1 / 69

From Nixon to Obama

The 70s, 80s, 90s, and Today… Mr. Pagliaro Seymour High School @ PagsAPUSH. From Nixon to Obama. Nixon & Vietnam. Hawks, Doves, the Silent Majority, and the End of the War. Doves demand peace. Doves preferred withdrawal from Vietnam Massive protest Immediate withdrawal

hana
Download Presentation

From Nixon to Obama

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. The 70s, 80s, 90s, and Today… Mr. Pagliaro Seymour High School @PagsAPUSH From Nixon to Obama

  2. Nixon & Vietnam Hawks, Doves, the Silent Majority, and the End of the War

  3. Doves demand peace • Doves preferred withdrawal from Vietnam • Massive protest • Immediate withdrawal • Sen. William Fulbright (Dem.- Ark.) • The Arrogance of Power (1966) – critique of war • Stated war wasn’t necessary for containment • Promoted neutrality; isolationism

  4. Hawks & the Silent Majority • Hawks: • Supported war in Vietnam • Believed withdrawal = surrender • Silent Majority: • Named by Nixon • America that quietly supported war policies • Justified support of So. Vietnam

  5. Invasion of Cambodia - 1970

  6. The Kent State (OH) Protest

  7. The Kent State (OH) Massacre

  8. Student Strike of 1970

  9. Ending the Vietnam War • Easter Offensive– No. Vietnam failure • Operation Linebacker 1 & 2: Heavy bombings of No. Vietnam, 1972 • Paris Accords, 1973 • Emerged after secret negotiations btw. Security Advisor, Henry Kissinger & No. Vietnamese • Withdrawal of troops • Freeing of American 500+ P.O.W.s • Final Americans left Saigon, April 30, 1975 – Operation Frequent Wind The fall of Saigon

  10. Consequences of Vietnam • Economic effects: • US couldn’t afford Great Society & Vietnam War • War costs + Social Programs = high inflation 60s-70s • Nixon Shockattempted to fight inflation • Foreign Policy effects: • Public skepticism of American international involvement • War Powers Act (1973) – • President must inform Congress within 48 hours IF… • Military sent to hostile area w/o declaring war

  11. Nixon and Détente China, the Soviet Union, SALT talks

  12. Background of Détente • Existence of the Cold War • Tension among US & USSR • Berlin airlift, Cuban Missile Crisis, Berlin Wall • US had no diplomatic relationship w/ China • Kissinger convinced Nixon to create flexible foreign policy • Détente called for relaxed Cold War tensions

  13. Détente & China • 1971-Nixon announced visit to China • “…to normalize relations between the countries.” • Visited Beijing, Feb. 1972

  14. Nixon in China • Formalized relations w/ PRC • US maintained relationship w/ RoC until 1979

  15. Détente and USSR • Nixon = 1st President in Moscow • Visit led to reduced tensions • Agreements included SALT talks, economic initiatives

  16. SALT Talks • Strategic Arms Limitation Talks • SALT I treaty between USSR and USA: • Signed by President Gerald Ford • Limited # of ICBMs • Limited # of nuclear armed subs

  17. Nixon and the New Federalism Connecting Federal, State, & Local governments, CReeP, Watergate

  18. Background • Great Society increased federal influence & spending • Nixon wanted to REDUCE size of federal gov’t

  19. The New Federalism • Distribute federal power to state/local governments • Revenue sharing • State/municipalities chose how to spend federal funding • Certain limitations • Increased state autonomy lost in New Deal • Examples • Legacy of Parks, 1971 • Education $

  20. Election of 1972 Nixon - Republicans McGovern - Democrats Antiwar policies Guaranteed minimum income • Good economy • Foreign relations • Desegregation of all schools w/o busing

  21. Watergate Scandal • Nixon kept tabs on rivals & enemies • Taped conversations • Committee to Re-Elect the President (CRP or creep) • June 17, 1972 • 5 men arrested • breaking into HQ of DNC @ Watergate Hotel • Phone tapping, breaking-and-entering • Convicted January 1973

  22. Election of 1972 (Cont’d.) • Nixon won 520-17 w/ 60.7% of vote

  23. Watergate, (Cont’d.) • Watergate tapes • Turned over during impeachment trials • Forced resignation of Nixon-8/8/74 Sept. 8, 1974

  24. Jimmy Carter Bicentennial, Election of ‘76, Frostbelt to Sunbelt, the 70s economy, Camp David Accords, Iran, Election of 1980

  25. The Bicentennial • OpSail – Tall Ship “parades” • Opening of Nat’l Air & Space Museum • School House Rock – History Rock specials • TV Specials – • In Celebration of US (CBS), 14 hour coverage hosted by Walter Cronkite • The Glorious Fourth (NBC), 10 hour coverage • The Great American Birthday Party (ABC), hosted by Harry Reasoner • Happy Birthday, America (NBC), • hosted by Paul Anka • Bob Hope's Bicentennial Star-Spangled Spectacular (NBC) • Special commemorative coins

  26. Election of 1976 Gerald Ford – Republican Electoral Votes – 240 States Carried – 27 Popular Vote – 48% Jimmy Carter - Democrat Electoral Votes – 297 States Carried – 23 Popular Vote – 50.1

  27. Frostbelt to Sunbelt • Mid-70s to 90s– fastest growing States = south of 37°N • Movement of jobs • Tax incentives

  28. Latino & Asian Immigration • Past 25 years – large increase in both • Latinos = 78% since 2000 • Latinos=33% TX, CA, AZ, 40% NM

  29. La Raza/Chicano Movement • Latino efforts for educational/economic access • Cesar Chavez • Reies Lopez Tijerina • Rodolfo Gonzalez • ¡Si, se puede!

  30. Carter & the Economy • Biggest domestic concern – INFLATION • US – increasing inflation over 70s • Slow economic growth • Led to unemployment • Rising inflation + Rising unemployment=STAGFLATION • Caused by Nixon price/wage controls, OPECembargo of US (due toYom Kippur war)

  31. Major issues of Economy during Carter administration • Increased inflation • Increased unemployment • Increased government spending • Increased gas prices due to: • Arab oil embargo (1973) • Iranian Revolution (1979) • Increased interest rates

  32. Historic Oil Prices/Production 1861-2008 1979 Iranian Oil Crisis 1973 Arab Oil Embargo

  33. Effects of Energy Crisis • Carter’s “Crisis of Confidence Speech” • White House solar panels • Detroit improved fuel economy • Smaller engines • Electronic fuel injection

  34. Causes of Inflation in the 70s • Vietnam spending • Rising energy costs • Federal budget deficits • Healthcare costs

  35. Carter Foreign Policy • Foreign policy based on human rights • Made it an international issue • Camp David Accords • Leaders of Israel & Egypt met @ Camp David, MD • 12 day negotiations • Peace agreement over Sinai region

  36. SALT II • Signed 1979 – Reduction in #s and use of MIRVs • Never ratified  Soviets invaded Afghanistan, 1979

  37. Iran Hostages • Jan. 78-Feb. 79-Shah overthrown • Religious leaders take controlAyatollah • US provided healthcare to Shah • US ally = Israel • Iranian revolutionaries overthrow US embassy • Take 52 hostages • Nov. 4, 1979 to Jan. 20, 1981

  38. The 1980 Election • Carter vs. Ronald Reagan • Issues – • Iranian Hostages • Weak economy/high inflation (double digits) • Hostility towards big government • Call for conservative Supreme Court

  39. NeoConservativism • Republicans successfully defeated the Democrat Coalition on… • Social issues such as – • Affirmative action • Women’s rights • Sexual freedom • Blue collar workers moved towards Republicans • The New Right – religious right, military, blue collar • Reagan promised to increase military; cut taxes

  40. The Reagan Revolution • Reagan – 489Carter – 44 • Reagan – 50.7%Carter – 41% • Republicans controlled Senate after 1980

  41. Reagan Iran, Reaganomics, USSR Summits, Grenada, Iran-Contras

  42. The end of the Iran Hostage Situation

  43. Reaganomics • Supply-side economic policy goals • Reduce tax rates for businesses/wealthy • Reduce corporate tax rates • Encourage private investment • Limit Federal regulation of business • “Trickle down” Theory

  44. The 4 Pillars of Reaganomics • Reduce Government spending. • Reduce Income Tax and Capital Gains Tax. • Reduce Government regulation. • Control the money supply to reduce inflation.

  45. Deregulation • Airlines • Railroads • Trucking • Telephones • Natural gas • Oil/Energy • Banking Reduced funding of Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 1981 – Reagan fires 11,500, striking FAA air traffic controllers

  46. Supply-Side Economics in Action • 1981 – Federal Taxes cut 5% • Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981 (Kemp-Roth Tax Cut) • 1982 – cut 10% •  Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982 • 1983 – cut 10% • Government social spending reduced: • Education aid • Urban housing programs • Arts

  47. Arguments against Reaganomics

  48. Social Spending Down – Defense Up • Reagan’s defense budget increased $13 billion 1981-83 • Proposed Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) • “Star Wars”

  49. Grenada ‘83 • Fighting communism or American Imperialism?

More Related