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Challenges in Construction and Installation of LHCb Calorimeters: 2001-2007 Overview

Explore the key design parameters and challenges faced during the development and installation of LHCb Calorimeters from 2001 to 2007, emphasizing requirements and comparison of different calorimeter types. Learn about the functioning, layout, and safety aspects of the calorimeter system.

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Challenges in Construction and Installation of LHCb Calorimeters: 2001-2007 Overview

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  1. CHALLENGES in the CONSTRUCTION + INSTALLATION of LHCbCALORIMETERS • 2001 - 2007' Robert KRISTIC

  2. KEY DATA + DESIGN PARAMETER gantry Top View of the LHCb Cavern at Pit 8 IP HCAL HCAL ECAL PS Lead Absorber SPD ~13m SPD+PS ECAL Robert KRISTIC

  3. KEY DATA + DESIGN PARAMETER • Requirements to the Calorimeter System: • Preshower (PS) and • Scintillator Pad Detector (SPD): • PID for L0 electron and photon trigger • electron & photon / pion separation by PS • photon / MIP separation by SPD • charged multiplicity veto by SPD • Electromagnetic Calorimeter (ECAL): • Et of electrons and photons for L0 trigger • (e.g. B →J/Ψ Ks, B → K*γ) • reconstruction of π0 and prompt γoffline • particle ID • Hadron Calorimeter (HCAL): • Et of hadrons for L0 trigger • (e.g. B → π π, B →DsK) • particle ID • L0 trigger => Calorimeters readout every 25ns PS/SPD Y~7m X~8.5m HCAL ECAL Y~2.5m Z~2.7m 08/10/2007 – DT2 Science Tea Robert KRISTIC 3

  4. Comparison of Calorimeters • Electromagnetic calorimeters •  Crystals • 2.3%/ 4E  1.9% BaBar • (current calorimeters) CsI (Tl) • 1.5%/ 4E  1.2% BELLE • 2.8%/E  0.6% CMS • PbWO4 • 3.3%/E (low noise term) ALICE •  LAr/Pb 10%/ E  0.7% ATLAS • (accordion) • Scint./Pb 10%/ E  1%LHCb (shashlik)

  5. Comparison of Calorimeters • Hadron Calorimeters • Scint. / Brass ~100%E  4.5% CMS (WLS readout) • LAr / Brass ~60%E  3% ATLAS (end-cap) • Scint / Fe (WLS readout) ~50%E  3% ATLAS (barrel) (tiles oriented parallel to the beam) • Scint / Fe (WLS readout) ~70%E  10%LHCb (similar to ATLAS tile calorimeter, but planar geometry, 5.4  depth)

  6. Energy resolution of LHCb ECAL (8.20.4)%  (0.87  0.07)% (9.40.2)%  (0.83  0.02)%   ((145  13) MeV)/E E E Outer module Inner module subtracted noise: 50,70,100 GeV – 330 MeV 5,10,20,30 GeV – 65 MeV E GeV

  7. LHCb ECAL: uniformity of response (scan of outer module with 50 GeV electrons) Shashlik was a baseline option of the CMS ECAL at the earlier stage Response non-uniformity was a concern: response at the edge ~10% smaller than in the center of the cell (RD36 results) outer module Response is overcompensated at the edges of the tile RD36 60 -60 0 60 inner module 10% -20 0 20 X, mm

  8. KEY DATA + DESIGN PARAMETER PS/SPD Y~7m X~8.5m HCAL ECAL Requirements to the calorimeter subdetectors: Y~2.5m Z~2.7m Robert KRISTIC

  9. FUNCTIONING Identification e/g/h HCAL PS/SPD ECAL 1 1 Hadron 1 0 Electron 0 1 PS Energy PS détermine la nature électromagnétique des particules et SPD la charge ⇒Identification et Discrimination e/g Robert KRISTIC

  10. Chariot HCAL LAYOUT Electron. platform • The overall detector • weight ~ 500 tons of steel • consists of 52 modules (26/side) • 1468 channels • electronics moves together with the detector • read-out electronics on detector • L: ~4.2m, W: ~1.6m, H: ~6.8m modules • One module • consists of 8 sub-modules • L: ~4m, W: ~1.6m, H: ~0.26m • weight ~9.5 tons • Readout via WLS Beam plug 1 module ~ 10 tons support structure cabling inside the module and on the detector side Total weight ~500 tons Robert KRISTIC

  11. HCAL PART PRODUCTION (2001-2004) • Raw material procurement of ~ 550 tons of ordinary steel (S235JR) • 400 tons of cold rolled 6mm (D) and 130 tons of 4mm plates (CZ) + 20 tons (D) • Produced out of coils + cut into pieces of ~ 1300mm in length (~ 50’000 plates) • Tolerances in thickness +/- 0.05, Flatness 1mm over L= 1m • HCAL Production with 3 different technologies • Laser-cutting – 1 master plate/1min • First 2 firms disqualified. They didn’t meet the specifications • 40% was produced (B) Robert KRISTIC

  12. HCAL PART PRODUCTION (2001-2004) • HCAL Production • Punching – 20 master plates/h • Punching tool with big hydraulic presses => enormous forces • 60% was produced (RUS), reliability in dimensions • Conventional machining • 5% of overall production only due to time and low dimensional accuracy (RO) Robert KRISTIC

  13. particles scintillators WLS Fibers light-guide PMT HCAL MODULE PRODUCTION (RUS) Gluing procedure for 1 sub module - 52 Master Plates - 182 Spacer Plates fibre particles spacer scinti- llator PMT (front) fibre master (two periods detached for illustration) Robert KRISTIC

  14. HCAL assembly production rate of 4 modules/month SAFETY IS EVERYWHERE Robert KRISTIC

  15. 25/1/05 HCAL INSTALLATION support 11/4/05 1st module 15/5/05 1st half 2nd half 19/11/05 17/7/05 platform + gantry Lateral tolerance within +/- 1.5 mm Front side vertical within+/- 0.5 mm Height at four edges within +/- 0.2 mm Robert KRISTIC

  16. Two halves on chariots + electronics platform on top ECAL LAYOUT • The overall detector • weight ~ 100 tons of Pb • consists of 3312 modules (1656/side) • L: ~4m, W: 0.825m, H: ~6.5m • 64 columns + 52 rows • electronics moves with the detector • read-out electronics on detector Electron. platform signal +HV cables at the back modules Beam plug Chariot • One module • 3 types of cells • 66 layers of 2mm Pb + 4mm scintillator • 1 module ~ 30 Kg • 5952 channels • readout via WLS fibres Monitoring System at the front Total weight ~100 tons Robert KRISTIC

  17. ECAL PRODUCTION • Raw material procurement of ~ 100 tons of Lead 99.2% • 100 tons of t= 2mm (D) • Special requirement was a 3 m thick tin layer on the surface => no oxidation • ECAL Part Production • Punching of 2mm Lead in respect to the punching whole diameter of 1.5mm • Tin addition had good abilities in order to punch => better cut + less erosion • Big advantage was - if the punching failed the material could be reproduced easily Robert KRISTIC

  18. 3312 shashlik modules ECAL MODULE PRODUCTION (RUS) Scintillators, lead-plates, covers • Basic design: • “shashlik” type • 66 layers of 2mm Pb/ 4mm scintillator Robert KRISTIC

  19. Production of steel bands ECAL INSTALLATION ½ ECAL Steel bands embracing 2 module rows Stretching system for steel bands on detector side “T-bar” for ECAL assembly Robert KRISTIC

  20. 17/5/05 21/3/05 ECAL INSTALLATION 27/4/05 exchangeable modules missing 1st part of platform  Relative position of all modules along Z within 2 mm Robert KRISTIC

  21. ECAL ECAL HCAL HCAL BEAM PLUGS + STEEL STRUCTURE Steel structure Beam-pipe to muons Flanges+ bellow Flanges+ bellow Beam-pipe from IP Straight section Steel structure fill up with Lead Robert KRISTIC

  22. PS/SPD/LEAD ABSORBER LAYOUT Upper guidance system Support structures for SPD/PS/LEAD ECAL platform 42 180mm 180MM 34 PS SPD Lead 42 Lower guidance system Robert KRISTIC

  23. Rollers and rail 3850 Beam External plate Central plate lead LEAD ABSORBER LAYOUT • Al-Pb-Al sandwich with 14mm Pb (2.5 X0) and 2*1mm Al in Z • for handling reasons divided into 4 pieces of ~2m length along X • for mechanical reasons divided into regions of different materials along Y • each piece glued, machined and transported on a special tool Robert KRISTIC

  24. LEAD ABSORBER INSTALLATION Robert KRISTIC

  25. PS/SPD LAYOUT Front view support structure Moving cable trays 4 super modules per half detector lead absorber (4 pcs of ~8x2m2) MAPMT+ VFE R/O cables detector half super-module (~1x6.5m2) Robert KRISTIC Andreas Schopper

  26. PS/SPD MODULE PRODUCTION A total of 8 PS and 8 SPD Super-Modules have to be produced Cosmic test set-up 4 outer (w/o fibers) 4 middle frames Frame assembly Transport cradle 3 Inner frames Assembly cradle Production Area at CERN in Bldg. 156 ~8m piece around beam pipe Robert KRISTIC

  27. PS/SPD PRODUCTION Scintillator+ fiber Outer type module box with 16 tiles, incl. LEDs for monitoring system (no box cover) - 12000 tiles - 444 module boxes - 16 Super Modules - 6016 channels PS+SPD built from 16 super modules Inner + Middle + Outer Modules Super module with 2 x 13 modules Side view of upper part Robert KRISTIC

  28. PS/SPD MODULE PRODUCTION Robert KRISTIC

  29. CABLE CHAIN PS SPD Test with cable chain prototype Robert KRISTIC

  30. SPD in PS CABLE ROUTING Robert KRISTIC

  31. CABLE ROUTING 101 reels – PS/C-top Two bundle layer of 38mm 17mm gap left (of 92mm) Cablechain entrance M1 Fixed on modules Robert KRISTIC

  32. CABLE ROUTING 101 reel (top) + 82 reel (bottom) -------------------------- 183 reel total PS/C To be bent like this Robert KRISTIC

  33. CABLE CHAIN INSTALLATION PS cablechains SPD cablechains Robert KRISTIC

  34. What next ? • Installation phase is more or less finish and detector commissioning starts • But there are still some activities in the pit • cable chain modification • rearrangement of cables in the cable chain • alignment of the detectors to the centre • aso. • New Projects and new CHALLENGES !!! Robert KRISTIC

  35. THANK YOU – СПАСИБО – MERCI Robert KRISTIC

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