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JAPAN

JAPAN. Early History. Migration across land bridge Hunters and gatherers Agriculture introduced a long time ago Jimmu Tenno descendant from the gods Tenno means “son of heaven” Every emperor is deified Tenno. Jomon Period. Hunting and Gathering Hole Homes Rope pattern pottery.

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JAPAN

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  1. JAPAN

  2. Early History • Migration across land bridge • Hunters and gatherers • Agriculture introduced a long time ago • Jimmu Tenno descendant from the gods • Tenno means “son of heaven” • Every emperor is deified Tenno

  3. Jomon Period • Hunting and Gathering • Hole Homes • Rope pattern pottery

  4. Yayoi Period • Red dish pottery • Rice growers (from China?) • Agricultural communities • Trade with Koreans • Earliest Written Records

  5. Yamato Kingdom • Women rulers • Extended from S Japan to Tokyo • Introduced Chinese civilization • Prince Shotoku helped spread Buddhism • Set up bureaucracy based on Chinese • Prince Shotoku = change

  6. Taika Reforms • To unify kingdom • Established Yamato claim to throne • Official history written which claims all emperors descend from the sun goddess- what does this explain? • What is the significance of this? • National army never instituted

  7. Japanese Society • Samurai=those who serve • Bushido=code of conduct(honor, obey, be loyal to daimyo and emperor) • Shogun = Highest military power (rule for emperor) • Daimyo= lord • Seppuku/hari kari • Samurai carried 2 swords-1 for battle, 1 for seppuku • Samurai were Buddhists

  8. The Tale of Ronin:What do we learn of Japanese society from this tale?

  9. Taiho Code • 702 CE (AD) What was happening in Europe at this time? Africa? • Set up the basic governing structure • Type of constitution • Emperor at the center • No censors , no criticism-Why? • Gov’t based on aristocracy-what Chinese practice did this exclude? Why?

  10. Nara Period • So named for the new capital-why did they move to Nara? • 710-784 CE – period of artistic flourishing • Borrowed and expanded the use of lacquer

  11. Heian Period • Kyoto is modern Heian • 794-1185 CE – What is happening elsewhere? Europe, SW Asia? • Fujiwara family gains influence , much like the Carolingian monarchs • Extend control to other islands • Emperor stripped of power but not replaced

  12. Fujiwaras granted rights to their own estates and tax free, this took away power and $ • Central govt became weak • Local govt (feudal estates) became powerful • Court life presented in TALE OF THE GENJI

  13. Kamakura Shogunate • 1185CE: Yoritomo took title of “shogun • Strongest daimyo built castles • Organized military • Feudal system created • Shogunate rule until 1868

  14. JAPANESE FEUDALISM • Depended on loyalty • Loyalty to ruler (Confucian) loyalty to family (Japanese) • Lord/vassal relationship unlimited on part of vassal • Not a contract • Lord seen as having superior wisdom

  15. What does this do to the development of rights? • Women were not fragile, not to be sheltered • Women were considered to be samurai • Taught the arts, did not have contempt for learning • How has this shaped modern Japan?

  16. Small farmers turned over land to daimyo • 12th century most land was private • Emperor in name only • Eventually turned to primogeniture for protection • What did this do to the status of women? • Who else was hurt? What choices did they have? • Buddhist monks opposed unity-why?

  17. Mongol invasion • Bow and arrow of samurai • “kamikaze” • Japanese successful but Kamakuras were supplanted by Ashikaga

  18. Ashikaga Shogunate • 1338-1567 CE: What was happening elsewhere? • Constant fighting until 16th century • Nobunaga: brilliant general, appt’d. Hideyoshi and Ieyasu • Accepted Portuguese and allowed Christianity: why?

  19. Europeans brought guns • HIDEYOSHI: “Napoleon of Japan”, unified Japan, never shogun because not noble • Wanted to conquer China • Koreans wouldn’t allow trespass • Battles with Koreans weakened his army • Died 1598 Power passed to Ieyasu

  20. JAPAN

  21. Early History • Migration across land bridge? • 30,000 years ago • 30,000 BCE - Hunters and gatherers • Agriculture introduced 2000yrs ago • A Mythical beginning…Jimmu Tenno • “son of heaven” • Every emperor is deified Tenno

  22. Jomon Period • H & G • Semi-sedentary • Clothing of bark • Rudimentary agriculture • Hole Homes • Rope pattern pottery

  23. Yayoi Period – 300 BCE – 250 CE • Influx of New Technology • Rice farming, shamanism, and iron and bronze-making, brought by migrants from Korea • Red dish pottery • Rice growers (from China?) • Agricultural communities • Society became increasingly more complex • Social Classes • Stone buildings and bridges • Trade with Koreans • Script Conflict • Earliest Written Records

  24. Yamato Kingdom 4th – 5th Century CE • Focus • Highly Aristocratic • Emphasis on warfare • Women rulers • Extended from S Japan to Tokyo • Introduced Korean and Chinese civilization • Chinese writing system, Buddhism, and Confucianism were introduced • Brings Chinese beliefs and practices • Set up bureaucracy based on Chinese • Clan power reduced • Tradition loses influence because Buddhism which put greater emphasis on the transience of human life • Prince Shotoku = change

  25. Taika Reforms Taika Period 645 - 710 • To unify kingdom • to bring about greater centralization and to enhance the power of the Imperial Court, which was also based on the governmental structure of China • Envoys sent to China to study methods • Established Yamato claim to throne • CSE • Official history written which claims all emperors descend from the sun goddess- what does this explain? • What is the significance of this? Is there a parallel to another civilization? • ruled by the Decree of Heaven and exercised absolute authority • National army never instituted

  26. Japanese Society • Samurai=those who serve • Bushido=code of conduct(honor, obey, be loyal to daimyo and emperor) • Shogun = Highest military power (rule for emperor) • Daimyo= lord • Seppuku/hari kari • Samurai carried 2 swords-1 for battle, 1 for seppuku • Samurai were Buddhists

  27. The Tale of Ronin:What do we learn of Japanese society from this tale?

  28. Taiho Code • 702 CE (AD) What was happening in Europe at this time? Africa? • Set up the basic governing structure • Type of constitution • Emperor at the center • No censors , no criticism-Why? • Gov’t based on aristocracy-what Chinese practice did this exclude? Why?

  29. Nara Period • So named from new capital-why did they move to Nara? • 710-784 CE – period of artistic flourishing • Borrowed and expanded the use of lacquer

  30. Heian Period • Heian is modern Kyoto • 794-1185 CE – What is happening elsewhere? Europe, SW Asia? • Trade is on the rise • Role of Buddhism • Monk influence threatening aristocratic influence • Need to check the power of the Buddhist monks • Imperial govt flees to Heian • Buddhist monks forbidden to build monasteries in capital city • They build them in the surrounding hills and continue to influence • Court Life • Strict code of behavior • Stressed • Social status • Love affairs • Gossip • Writing poems, etc most valued art • Women should be as poised and as cultured as men • Fujiwara family gains influence , much like the Carolingian monarchs • Extend control to other islands • Emperor stripped of power but not replaced

  31. Fujiwara family granted rights to their own estates and tax free, this took away power and $ • From here on out Hojo family regulate order and samurai enforce in the name of the emperor • Central govt became weak • Local govt (feudal estates) became powerful • Court life presented in TALE OF THE GENJI

  32. Kamakura Shogunate • 1185CE: Yoritomo took title of “shogun • Military leaders of the bakufu (military government ) • Strongest daimyo built castles • Organized military • Feudal system created • Shogunate rule until 1868

  33. JAPANESE FEUDALISM • Depended on loyalty • Loyalty to ruler (Confucian) loyalty to family (Japanese) • Lord/vassal relationship unlimited on part of vassal • Not a contract • Lord seen as having superior wisdom

  34. What does this do to the development of rights? • Women were not fragile, not to be sheltered • Women were considered to be samurai • Taught the arts, did not have contempt for learning • How has this shaped modern Japan?

  35. Small farmers turned over land to daimyo • 12th century most land was private • Emperor in name only • Eventually turned to primogeniture for protection • What did this do to the status of women? • Who else was hurt? What choices did they have? • Buddhist monks opposed unity-why?

  36. Mongol invasion • Bow and arrow of samurai • “kamikaze” • Japanese successful but Kamakuras were supplanted by Ashikaga

  37. Ashikaga Shogunate • 1338-1567 CE: What was happening elsewhere? • Constant fighting until 16th century • Nobunaga: brilliant general, appt’d. Hideyoshi and Ieyasu • Accepted Portuguese and allowed Christianity: why?

  38. Europeans brought guns • HIDEYOSHI: “Napoleon of Japan”, unified Japan, never shogun because not noble • Wanted to conquer China • Koreans wouldn’t allow trespass • Battles with Koreans weakened his army • Died 1598 Power passed to Ieyasu

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